Community detection is an important and interesting topic for better understanding and analyzing complex network structures. Detecting hidden partitions in complex networks is proven to be an NP-hard problem that may not be accurately resolved using traditional methods. So it is solved using evolutionary computation methods and modeled in the literature as an optimization problem. In recent years, many researchers have directed their research efforts toward addressing the problem of community structure detection by developing different algorithms and making use of single-objective optimization methods. In this study, we have continued that research line by improving the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm using a local improvement operator to effectively discover community structure in the modular complex networks when employing the modularity density metric as a single-objective function. The framework of the proposed algorithm consists of three main steps: an initialization strategy, a movement strategy based on perturbation genetic operators, and an improvement operator. The key idea behind the improvement operator is to determine and reassign the complex network nodes that are located in the wrong communities if the majority of their topological links do not belong to their current communities, making it appear that these nodes belong to another community. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested and evaluated when applied to publicly-available modular complex networks generated using a flexible and simple benchmark generator. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the suggested method in discovering community structure over modular networks of different complexities and sizes.
Abstract Physical requirements are an important priority for the development of football gymnastics coaches because the nature of performance is interconnected and interconnected in terms of the player's duties in the match. In the gameplay situations, the player must perform the skill with strength and speed coupled with accuracy and the reactions of the colleague and competitor alike, which represents the normal reality of the football gymnasium Skilled exercises are one of the most suitable technical side exercises as they are built according to the components of the skill requirements of the game and the nature of its performance, which appear on the gro
... Show MoreSome methods recommended abroad to control the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., attacking the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies were tested, with some modifications, for the first time under the Iraqi conditions. One of these methods was carried out by covering the hive entrance with a piece of queen excluder to prevent the hornet from entering the hive. Also, the position of hive stand was reversed to deprive the hornet from using the flight board as a stage for waiting and creeping toward the defending bees. The second method was carried out by fixing a cardboard cone as a bee passage at the hive entrance to hinder the entry of the hornet into the hive. Both of these methods were found to be unsuccessful to
... Show MoreThis research investigates the importance of social accounting and the auditor’s report. It basically checks if there is an impact of social accounting on the auditor’s report at the availability the INTOSAI standards No. (1700 and 1706). The study recruited 105 employees of the Federal Financial Supervision Office in Iraq. Data were collected using questionnaire. The questionnaire validity and reliability were checked to assure the truthfulness of the findings. The study found a positive correlation and a statistically significant effect between the accounting for social responsibility and the auditor’s report. It is necessarily recommended for the auditor and the bodies working in the Board of Supreme Audit to ensure the inclusio
... Show MoreThe importance of this research is due to its importance goals, Which are about the attempt of researchers to investigate the probability of depending on businesses, environments to transform organizations, performance in away that enhance the leading role of organizations in their environments , and through views of a number of the staff working in the foundation of technical institutes in Mosul. .
After deciding the methodology of the study that ,in one hand ,performs the goals of the study , and achieving a suitable theoretical framework to present the concepts of businesses, environments and the leadin
... Show MoreMJ Abbas, AK Hussein, Journal of Physical Education, 2019
Amino and fatty acids in the liver tissue of Uromastyx aegyptius microlepis during the periods of hibernation (December) and activity (May) were estimate by a high performance liquid chromatography, liver of a lizard during the activity and hibernation seasons, contained 18 amino acids, which include, 10 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids, and the liver in the male lizard contained five fatty acids during each season, the concentration rates of all the amino acids during the activity season were higher than their counterparts during the hibernation season, the total concentrations of essential and non-essential amino acids during the activity season were 19434.8 µg/ml, which was greater than the total concentrations leve
... Show MoreThe present paper sheds light on the psychological structure of Simha Bin Zion’s A Broken Soul. After reviewing the biography of the storyteller, it is clear that the hero of the rebellious character in the story of (A Broken Soul) is the writer himself. The storyteller directly begins to depict his psychological sufferings in his childhood days. He tells a story full of sadness and refusal of the neglect he suffered in his childhood. It is obvious that the early five years of Samha bin Zion’s life is considered a period of conflict that participated in the formation of his individual identity. The story represents an outlet for a hidden secret world buried under the layers of his consciousness. It deals with
... Show MoreXanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines (Xag) is a pathogen that causes pustule disease in soybeans. Many
techniques for controlling this disease have been widely developed, one of which is the use of biological agents.
Bacillus sp. from the soybean phyllosphere is a biological agent that has the potential to suppress the
development of pustule disease. One of the biological control mechanisms is through biochemical induction
of plant resistance which includes the accumulation of phenols, salicylic acid compounds, and peroxidase
enzymes. Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32 are two bacteria isolated from the soybean
phyllosphere which have previously been known to suppress Xag through an anti
The current study is based on previous findings, where corporate governance (CG) significantly increased corporate social responsibility (CSR) to enhance transparency while reducing the tendency of corporate management to engage in earnings management (EM). A sample of 11 Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2020 was selected. The CG was included in the board size and board independence apart from the variables of Chief Executive Officer (CEOs) gender, majority shareholder ownership, foreign ownership, and institutional ownership. The CSR included the wage growth rate, bank contribution growth rate for social security, training programmes, subsidies, environmental protection, and bank compliance with the law. Specifica
... Show MoreBackground: Polymorphisms in the TNF-α gene affect the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To investigate the associations between (-806 T/C) and (-857 T/C) SNPs with rheumatoid arthritis severity and susceptibility in a sample of Iraqi patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq. Twenty healthy controls and 63 patients confirmed to be newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis were included. Those are divided into two groups (patients and controls), and the patients were further subdivided into severe and mild-moderate groups. Samples from those participants were analyzed for clinical and inflammatory parameter measurements. Genotyping by the Sanger method was performed to stu
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