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Effect of ammonia/gallium ratio and growth temperature towards the surface morphology of semi-polar GaN grown on m-plane sapphire via MOCVD
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A single-crystalline semi-polar gallium nitride (11-22) was grown on m-plane (10-10) sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Three-step approach was introduced to investigate the grain size evolution for semi-polar (11-22) GaN. Such approach was achieved due to the optimized gallium to ammonia ratio and temperature variations, which led to high quality (11-22) oriented gallium nitride epilayers. The full width at half maximum values along (-1-123) and (1-100) planes for the overgrowth temperature of 1080°C were found to be as low as 0.37° and 0.49°, respectively. This was an indication of the enhanced coalescence and reduction in root mean square roughness as seen by atomic force microscopy. Surface analysis via atomic force microscopy indicated the orientation towards semi-polar plane. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis further indicates that higher temperature of 1080°C during the deposition of the overgrowth promoted closely packed surface coalescence. Room temperature Raman revealed that the overgrowth temperature of 1080°C portrayed compressive strain free as compared to other overgrowth temperature. Based on these results, the promising overgrowth temperature of 1080°C can be further utilized in future work for optoelectronics devices.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Test Engineering & Management
Strengthening of non-liner finite element RCMD Beam with Large Square Opening Using CFRP
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 31 2020
Journal Name
Lark Journal For Philosophy, Linguistics And Social Sciences
Identity crisis of Arab-American in Laila Halaby's Novel once in a promise Land
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This study aims at describing the identity crisis of Diaspora people (Arab -American) in "Laila Halaby's" novel "Once in A promise Land". Halaby tackles the issues of racism, exclusion, and instability of identity that affect the Arab American community after the terrorist event of eleventh of September. She sheds light on the experiences of her significant characters Salwa and Jassim in America, clarifying how this event weakened their social position and turns their presence in America questionable. "Halaby" describes the bitterness of her characters who are induced into a dream of belonging to a land that transcends their original culture and religious values as well as their language. "Halaby" explains the subsistence in America involvi

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Proceedings Of The International Conference On Research Advances In Engineering And Technology - Itechcet 2022
Suitability of Iraqi legal system for building operation transfer contract in infrastructure construction projects
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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2018
Journal Name
The Journal Of Immunology
Marijuana THC treatment led to decreased metabolic functions of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-activated lymphocytes
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Abstract<p>Studies from our laboratory have shown that Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an ingredient found in marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, can attenuate acute lung injury induced by Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). In the current study, we investigated the role of THC on the metabolism of SEB-activated lymphocytes. To this end, we determined metabolic potential of SEB-activated lymphocytes treated with vehicle or THC by performing the Cell Mito Stress Test. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in THC-treated cells was decreased when compared to vehicle-treated group whereas the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was similar in both the groups. Specifically, electron transport chain inhi</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 14 2023
Journal Name
Iete Journal Of Research
Performance Enhancement of VLC-NOMA Employing Beamforming Function based vehicle-to-multivehicle Communication system
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
Promising Gains of 5G Networks with Enhancing Energy Efficiency Using Improved Linear Precoding Schemes
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Variation of non-diatomic algae in a martyr monument lake under different climate factors
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Abstract<p>The current study was conducted in the environment of the Martyr Monument Lake in the city center of Baghdad during 2019 to monitor the impact of climatic conditions such as drought, water shortage, high temperatures in the environment of the city and the lack of water flow during the years 2015 to 2018 and their effects on some of the physical and chemical factors of water and the dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the lake environment. Heterogeneity of some studied environmental factors, including air and water temperature, permeability, water depth, pH, DO, BOD5, nutrients, nitrate, NO3, and phosphates were found. The results showed the effect of climate change and the pres</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 05 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Molecular Docking Studies of Human Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme RAD6: A Systematic in Silico Approach
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This study confirms the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 2B (Rad6) plays a significant role in the DNA repair pathway also because the ubiquitin-conjugating pathway. The DNA repair pathway could be a variety of bypass repair mechanism where the broken base pair is bypassed by permitting the replication fork to labor under the site of injury. This is often done by a shift mechanism wherever deoxyribonucleic acid enzyme - δ is switched with DNA enzyme - η (DNAP - η). Site of DNAP - η is massive enough to permit the broken ester to labor under, and so bypass the broken nucleotide. However, this is often potential solely through the involvement of Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) that could be a processivity issue and it acts as a plat

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Environmental Engineering And Science
Fenton-like degradation of direct blue dye using green synthesised Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles
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This study relates to synthesis of bentonite-supported iron/copper nanoparticles through the biosynthesis method using eucalyptus plant leaf extract, which were then named E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs. The synthesised E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs were examined by a set of experiments involving a heterogeneous Fenton-like process that removed direct blue 15 (DB15) dye from wastewater. The resultant E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller analysis, zeta potential analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The operating parameters in batch experiments were optimised using Box–Behnken design. These parameters were pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Spatio-Temporal Mixture Model for Identifying Risk Levels of COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraq
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     This paper focuses on choosing a spatial mixture model with implicitly includes the time to represent the relative risks of COVID-19 pandemic using an appropriate model selection criterion. For this purpose, a more recent criterion so-called the widely Akaike information criterion (WAIC) is used which we believe that its use so limitedly in the context of relative risk modelling. In addition, a graphical method is adopted that is based on a spatial-temporal predictive posterior distribution to select the best model yielding the best predictive accuracy. By applying this model selection criterion, we seek to identify the levels of relative risk, which implicitly represents the determination of the number of the model components o

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