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Effect of ammonia/gallium ratio and growth temperature towards the surface morphology of semi-polar GaN grown on m-plane sapphire via MOCVD
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A single-crystalline semi-polar gallium nitride (11-22) was grown on m-plane (10-10) sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Three-step approach was introduced to investigate the grain size evolution for semi-polar (11-22) GaN. Such approach was achieved due to the optimized gallium to ammonia ratio and temperature variations, which led to high quality (11-22) oriented gallium nitride epilayers. The full width at half maximum values along (-1-123) and (1-100) planes for the overgrowth temperature of 1080°C were found to be as low as 0.37° and 0.49°, respectively. This was an indication of the enhanced coalescence and reduction in root mean square roughness as seen by atomic force microscopy. Surface analysis via atomic force microscopy indicated the orientation towards semi-polar plane. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis further indicates that higher temperature of 1080°C during the deposition of the overgrowth promoted closely packed surface coalescence. Room temperature Raman revealed that the overgrowth temperature of 1080°C portrayed compressive strain free as compared to other overgrowth temperature. Based on these results, the promising overgrowth temperature of 1080°C can be further utilized in future work for optoelectronics devices.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2005
Journal Name
Journal Of Sport Sciences
Comparison study in some kinematics variables in (100) meter butterfly swimming to first and second ranking in world swimming championship Espana 2003
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The aim of study was making comparison in some kinematics variables in (100) meter butterfly swimming to first and second ranking in championship 2003 Espana, so noticed there is no such like this study in our country in comparison study for international champions therefore not specific and scientific discovering to these advanced levels, also the researchers depend on group of kinematics variables when the comparison making and it was included (50 meter the first, 50 meter the second, the differences between the first (50) meter and the second , more over basic variables in (100) meter butterfly , after having the results and treat it statistically the researchers reaches to two conclusions which was: • Success the first rank in startin

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 23 2024
Journal Name
European Journal Of Orthodontics
Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone versus dead-soft coaxial bonded retainers: a randomized clinical trial. Part 2: periodontal health and microbial biofilm assessment
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

Retainers have the potential to detrimentally impact periodontal health and contribute to tooth decay.

Objectives

To investigate periodontal health and bacterial biofilm related to Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) fixed retainers as compared to Dead-soft coaxial fixed retainer (DSC).

Trial design

A two-arm parallel groups single-centre randomized c

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization for Some Metal ion Complexes with 2-Hydroxy-3-((5-Mercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazol-2-yl)Diazenyl)-1-Naphthaldehyde
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New metal ion complexes were synthesized with the general formula; K[PtLCl4], [ReLCl4] and K[ML(Cl)2] where M = Pd(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II), from the Azo ligand (HL) [2-Hydroxy-3-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)- 1-naphth aldehyde] (HL) the ligand was synthesized from (2-hydroxy-1- naphthaldehyde) and (5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol). The ligand and its metal complexes are characterized by phisco- chemical spectroscopic techniques (FT.IR, UV-Vis and Mass spectra, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, Atomic Absorption, Chloride contain and magnetic susceptibility). The spectral data suggest that the (HL) behaves as a bidentate ligand in all complexes. These studies revealed tetrahedral geometries for all metal complex

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Integrative Nursing
ShotBlocker versus vibration device: Which technique reduces pain and increases satisfaction in insulin injection among type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
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Objective:

To evaluate the effects of the ShotBlocker and vibration device on pain intensity and patient satisfaction during subcutaneous (SC) insulin injections in hospitalized adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial, 102 patients with type II diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 35 patients in the ShotBlocker group, 36 patients in the vibration group, and 31 patients in the control group. ShotBlocker was applied immediately before and during the injection, while the vibration was applied fo

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry
Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics over a backward-facing step (BFS) containing square-rectangular ribs integrated as forward-facing steps (FFS)
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Publication Date
Sat Aug 01 2026
Journal Name
The American Journal Of Cardiology
Lipoprotein(a) Distribution Across Race/Ethnicity and Association With Mortality Outcomes in NHANES III (1988 to 1994) With Follow‑Up to 2019
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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Supra-Approximation Spaces Using Mixed Degree System in Graph Theory
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This paper is concerned with introducing and studying the o-space by using out degree system (resp. i-space by using in degree system) which are the core concept in this paper. In addition, the m-lower approximations, the m-upper approximations and ospace and i-space. Furthermore, we introduce near supraopen (near supraclosed) d. g.'s. Finally, the supra-lower approximation, supraupper approximation, supra-accuracy are defined and some of its properties are investigated.

Publication Date
Mon Feb 06 2023
Journal Name
3c Tecnología_glosas De Innovación Aplicadas A La Pyme
Bond Strength Of Acrylic Soft Liner To Nd:Yag Laser-Treated Thermoplastic Acrylic Denture Base Material
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Aim of the study: Using surface roughness and tensile bond strength tests, the objective of this investigation was to ascertain the impact of laser surface modification on the binding strength of injectable thermoplastic acrylic denture base material to acrylic-based soft-liner material. Materials and methods: Acrylic base soft liner material was bonded to injectable thermoplastic acrylic resin (Deflex). Forty specimens were created (20 disc, 20 dumbbells) 10 of each specimen type as control specimens, and 10 were treated with nano pulse Nd: YAG laser. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and unpaired t-test (a=.05) and the roughness test was performed utilizing a double column universal test machine. Results: Compar

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Energy Ecological Environment
Removal of pathogenic bacteria from synthetic contaminated water using packed bed silver nanoparticle-coated substrates
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In this study, a packed bed was used to remove pathogenic bacteria from synthetic contaminated water. Two types of packing material substrates, sand and zeolite, were used. These substrates were coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were prepared by decomposition of Ag ions from AgNO3 solution. The prepared coated packings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The packed column consisted of a PVC cylinder of 2 cm diameter and 20 cm in length. The column was packed with silver nanoparticlecoated substrates (sand or zeolite) at a depth of 10 cm. Four types of bacteria were studied: Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aerugi

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 17 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Levels of Some Proinflammatory Cytokines in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome after Metformin Therapy
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