Trace elements concentrations are frequently reported to be a good indicator for diagnosis and prognosis of some disease. The levels of copper, zinc, manganese, and magnesium were measured in serum of two group. Group one contains (52) newborn jaundice patients while the second group contains (20) healthy newborn used as controls.

          In this study the concentration of Cu, Zn, Mg, and Mn were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). It has been found that zinc level is significantly lower in newborn jaundice patients compared with normal subjects at (p<0.05) , also the level of Cu, Mg, and Mn were significantly

      Autoimmune thyroid disease mainly includes Graves’ disease (GD) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIH), which is caused by individual genetics, autoimmune dysfunction, and a variety of external environmental factors. Interleukin IL-38 and IL- 40 are involved in a wide range of autoimmune diseases, but little is known about IL-38 and IL-40 expression in autoimmune thyroid disease. This research included 82 female patients with Graves' disease (GD), 78 females with autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIH), and 85 female healthy controls (HC). An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and sequencing of IL-38 and IL-40 were used to evaluate serum levels and gene polymorphism, respectively. Results showed

      This research mainly focuses on the preparation of chitosan-alginate Nanoparticle by ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride and sodium alginate to form nanocomposites of CH-ALg, examine their antibacterial activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria, and evaluate the stability of chitosan-alginate formula in different biological fluids, including simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and intestinal fluid (SIF). The average diameter of particles size prepared was measured by an Atomic force microscope (AFM) and it was 61.91 nm. Otherwise, the nature of functional groups present in CH-ALg nanoparticle was investigated by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) analysis. The stability of synthesized CH-ALg nanoparticle was

Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors commonly used intravitreally for treatment of variable retinal disease worldwide, which help to regulate the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factors due to ischemia or/and other retinal insult.

Objective: To review all cases of intravitreal bevacizumab given in the retinal unit of the Eye Specialty Private Hospital in Iraq from December 2015 to June 2016, pointing out the common indications.

Methods: A retrospective study including all cases of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab recorded at the Eye Specialty Private Hospital from December 2015 to June 2016 were retrieved. Age, sex, laterality, diagnosis

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is caused coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) affecting people worldwide. The angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) represents a
receptor of SARS-CoV-2 on the infected host cell. Apelin or its receptor agonists suppress the production of
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II (Ang-II) and is characterized by a protective effect
against SARS-CoV-2.
Objective: The study aims to assess the serum level of Elabela biomarker as an early detector for Acute
Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19.
Cases and Methods: This is a case-control study which included 45 hospitalized adult patients in multiple
centers (pu

Patients with decompensated cirrhosis have typically prescribed a combination of therapeutic and prophylactic medications. Polypharmacy increases the probability of medication errors and drug related problems. Clinical pharmacists are highly effective at identifying, resolving, and preventing clinically important drug-related problems in their patients' care. The objectives of the study were the identification and classification of drug-related problems, as well as the discussion of these problems with health care providers (physicians, pharmacists, and nurses) and patients. Reduce their incidence as effectively as possible and educate all research participants on the significance of following their prescribed drug regimen

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized by severe synovial inflammation, cartilage erosion, bone loss, and generalized vasculopathy. Although the immunologic mechanism of RA is still unclear, it is now thought to be a primarily Th17-driven disease. Along with other factors, IL-23 stimulates the expansion of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-23 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determine the correlation between plasma/serum IL-23 levels and disease activity. So, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis comparing

Back ground: This study was conducted to estimate the relation ship of the incisive papilla to the antero posterior arrangement of the maxillary anterior teeth in a two different groups (Iraqi and Yemenian groups), because incisive papilla is considered as a reliable and relatively stable anatomic land mark.
Materials and Methods: Maxillary and mandibular stone casts were collected from 100 dental students, (50) of Iraqi dental students in Baghdad university and (50) of Yemenian dental students in Ibb university at the 3rd and 4th classes. Age ranged from 21-25 years. Alginate impression, dental stone, stock trays were used. Photographic technique was used to measure anatomic land marks located on de

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Genetic research has been employed to find many of the missing connections between genetic risk variations and causal genetic components. Objective: The goal of this study is to look at the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and see how they relate to disease severity or response to biological therapy. Method: Using specific keywords, the authors conducted a systematic and comprehensive search to identify relevant Iraqi studies examining the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and how they relate to disease severity or response to biolo

This study is an approach to assign the land area of  Kirkuk city [ a city located in the northern of Iraq, 236 kilometers north of  Baghdad  and 83 kilometers  south of  Erbil [ Climatic atlas of  Iraq, 1941-1970  ]  into different  multi zones by using Satellite image and Arc Map10.3,  zones of different traffic noise pollutions. Land zonings process like what achieved in this paper will help and of it’s of a high interest point for the future of Kirkuk city especially urban