A Vision to Develop the Effectiveness of the Dissemination of Innovations to Rationalize the Use of Irrigation Water in Iraqi Agriculture

ihsan hassuny

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/735/1/012036

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Publication Date

Thu Apr 01 2021

Journal Name

Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science

Volume

735

DOI

10.1088/1755-1315/735/1/012036

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A Vision to Develop the Effectiveness of the Dissemination of Innovations to Rationalize the Use of Irrigation Water in Iraqi Agriculture

Vision

Development

Effectiveness

Dissemination

Innovations

Rationalize

Irrigation water

ihsan hassuny

...Show More Authors

Abstract<p>Iraqi agriculture faces a major water problem, affecting cultivated areas, agricultural production, farmers’ incomes and food security. However, the results achieved in rationalizing the use of irrigation water are still limited and do not match what they should be in order to meet this serious challenge. The study aimed to provide a vision for the development of the effectiveness of the dissemination of innovations to rationalize the use of irrigation water in Iraqi agriculture. In light of the framework of the dissemination of agricultural innovations, factors related to their effectiveness, and the summary of the Iraqi experience in the field of dissemination of modern irrigation technologies and the factors related to its limited effectiveness, the vision was prepared to develop the effectiveness of the dissemination of these innovations. The vision consists of eight integrated elements, which are distributed to the internal and external environment for the dissemination of agricultural innovations, which are defined as follows: 1. Enhancing national responsibility and institutionalized partnership. 2. Development of planning. 3. Updating the approach of disseminating innovations. 4. Capacity development. 5. Active supplying. 6. Develop an enabling environment. 7. Establishment and development of infrastructure. 8. Monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement.</p>

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Publication Date

Fri Oct 24 2014

Journal Name

Journal Of Chemical And Pharmaceutical Research

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of [Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II)] mixed ligand complexes schiff base derived from amoxicillin drug and 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde with nicotinamide

Taghreed

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New Schiff base ligand (E)-6-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-3,3- dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1- azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid = (HL) was synthesized via condensation of Amoxicillin and 4(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde in methanol. Figure -1 Polydentate mixed ligand complexes were obtained from 1:1:2 molar ratio reactions with metal ions and HL, 2NA on reaction with MCl2 .nH2O salt yields complexes corresponding to the formulas [M(L)(NA)2Cl],where M=Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II), A=nicotinamide .

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Publication Date

Wed Jul 01 2020

Journal Name

International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research

Synthesis and identification of some new N-substituted quinazoline-4-one, thiazine-4-one and tetrazoline rings incorporating N-ethyl-2-(benzylthio)benzimidazole acetate and study their application as anti-oxidant agent

Halah,

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Publication Date

Tue Aug 01 2023

Journal Name

Physics Of Atomic Nuclei

Electroexcitation Form Factors for Positive- and Negative-Parity States in Some Si Isotopes Using Truncated Large-Scale Shell Model With Skyrme–Hartree–Fock Method

Ali A.

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Publication Date

Tue Mar 15 2016

Journal Name

Hepatology

Carboxylesterase 2 prevents liver steatosis by modulating lipolysis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipogenesis and is regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in mice

Yuanyuan

Munaf

Kavita

Yang

Takhar

Liya

Yanqiao

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease that ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). So far, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is markedly reduced in NASH patients, diabetic db/db mice, and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. Restoration of hepatic CES2 expression in db/db or HFD‐fed mice markedly ameliorates liver steatosis and insulin resistance. In contrast, knockdown of hepatic CES2 causes liver steatosis and damage in chow‐ or Western diet‐fe

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(124)

Publication Date

Sat Sep 01 2018

Journal Name

Polyhedron

Novel dichloro (bis {2-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl-κN3] pyridine-κN}) metal (II) coordination compounds of seven transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd)

The 1

3-dipolar cycloaddition “click” reaction between an azide and an alkyne to give a 1

2

3-triazole was reported by Huisgen in 1961 [1]. In 2002 the Copper(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) to prepare a 1

2

3-triazole was reported [2]

[3]. The existence of relatively basic nitrogen atoms in the 1

2

3-triazole rings

and the possibility of introducing additional donor groups in the substituents (Fig. 1)

made the CuAAC “click” reaction an attractive method to prepare differently substituted 1

2

3-triazoles. These compounds have been used as ligands to coordinate to various metal ions that display a range of applications such as in electrochemical and photochemical studies

in supramolecular chemistry

magnetism

metal-ion sensing and catalysis [4]. The reasons for the success of the “click” reaction

is that it is easy to carry out and is widely applicable. It is not affected by a variety of functional groups

and can be carried out with a variety of Cu(I) catalysts and solvents

including aqueous conditions. The Cu(I) catalysts overcome the high activation energy barrier of the non-catalyzed Huisgen reaction by changing the mechanism of the reaction. A large variety of copper catalysts can be used for the CuAAC reaction

on condition that the maximum concentration of Cu(I) species is generated during the reaction. The pre-catalyst can be a Cu(II) salt (usually CuSO4) together with a reducing agent (often sodium ascorbate) or a Cu(I) compound in the presence of a base or amine ligand and a reducing agent to prevent oxidation to Cu(II). Some strong oxidising cupric salts or complexes such as Cu(OAc)2 also work. The solvent is very flexible from organic to aqueous

with the most commonly used combination water + an alcohol (t-BuOH

MeOH or EtOH). The key role of the solvent or solvent mixture is to solubilize the substrates and Cu(I) catalyst in order to ensure rapid reactions. Such aqueous conditions are very useful for biochemical conjugations

as well as for organic syntheses. We recently reported on the synthesis of a series of differently substituted 1

2

3-triazole chromophores

the substituted 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1

2

3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ligands [5]

see Fig. 2 middle

with substituents R = H (L1)

CH3 (L2)

OCH3 (L3)

COOH

F

Cl

CN

CF3

O(CH2)3CH3 and N(CH3)2. These versatile ligands were found to coordinate to various first row transition metals

such as manganese

cobalt and nickel [6]. Here we extend the series to include more first row transition metal(II) coordination compounds

iron

copper and zinc

as well as a second row transition metal(II) coordination compound

cadmium

containing the 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1

2

3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine chromophore (Fig. 2 right with R = CH3). This series of seven novel coordination compounds is the first series of pyridyl-triazole based transition metal coordination compounds where seven different transition metals are coordinated to the same 1

2

3-triazole chromophore

namely 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1

2

3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine.

Kinaan M

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Publication Date

Tue Jan 01 2019

Journal Name

Inorganica Chimica Acta

Synthesis, characterisation and electrochemistry of eight Fe coordination compounds containing substituted 2-(1-(4-R-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ligands, R = CH3, OCH3, COOH, F, Cl, CN, H and CF3.

(1

2

3-Triazol-4-yl)pyridine Redox potential Iron DFT

K.M.

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Eight different Dichloro(bis{2-[1-(4-R-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-κN3]pyridine-κN})iron(II) compounds, 2–9, have been synthesised and characterised, where group R=CH3 (L2), OCH3 (L3), COOH (L4), F (L5), Cl (L6), CN (L7), H (L8) and CF3 (L9). The single crystal X-ray structure was determined for the L3 which was complemented with Density Functional Theory calculations for all complexes. The structure exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry, with the two triazole ligands coordinated to the iron centre positioned in the equatorial plane and the two chloro atoms in the axial positions. The values of the FeII/III redox couple, observed at ca. −0.3 V versus Fc/ Fc+ for complexes 2–9, varied over a very small potential range of 0.05 V.

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Publication Date

Sat Dec 26 2020

Journal Name

International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research

Complexes of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pt(II) And Pd(II) with N 3 O-Chelating Ligand Incorporating Azo and Schiff Base Moieties: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal Decomposition, Theoretical Studies, and thermodynamic parameters

Alwan W.

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Publication Date

Thu Mar 25 2021

Journal Name

International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology

Synthesis, Structural Study, and Biological Activity Evaluation of VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) Complexes with New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from Pyrazine

bushra

Wurood

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New Schiff base [3-(3-acetylthioureido)pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid][L] has been prepared through 2 stages, the chloro acetyl chloride has been reacting with the ammonium thiocyanate in the initial phase for producing precursor [A], after that [A] has been reacting with the 3-amino pyrazine-2-carboxilic acid to provide a novel bidentate ligand [L], such ligand [L] has been reacting with certain metal ions in the Mn(II), VO(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), and Cd(II) for providing series of new metal complexes regarding general molecular formula [M(L)2XY], in which; VO(II); X=SO4,Y=0, Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II); Y=Cl, X=Cl. Also, all the compounds were characterized through spectroscopic techniques [

Publication Date

Wed Feb 01 2023

Journal Name

Baghdad Science Journal

Synthesis, Theoretical Study, and Biological Evaluation of Some Metal Ions with Ligand "Methyl -6-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) -2-((1-Phenylethylidene) Amino) Acetamido] -2,2-Dimethyl-5—Oxo-1-Thia-4-Azabicyclo [3.2.0] Heptane-3-Carboxyylate

Antimicrobial activity

DFT-PM3 Methods Theory

Schiff base complexes

Transition Metal ions

Sahar S.

Nafeesa J

Zahraa. A.

...Show More Authors

Schiff base (methyl 6-(2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2- (1-phenyl ethyl ideneamino) acetamido) -3, 3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylate)Co(II), Ni(II), Cu (II), Zn (II), and Hg(II)] ions were employed to make certain complexes. Metal analysis M percent, elemental chemical analysis (C.H.N.S), and other standard physico-chemical methods were used. Magnetic susceptibility, conductometric measurements, FT-IR and UV-visible Spectra were used to identified. Theoretical treatment of the generated complexes in the gas phase was performed using the (hyperchem-8.07) program for molecular mechanics and semi-empirical computations. The (PM3) approach was used to determine the heat of formation (ΔH˚f), binding energy (ΔEb), an

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Publication Date

Sun Mar 01 2015

Journal Name

Baghdad Science Journal

Preparation and Spectral Characterization of New Azo Imidazole Ligand 2-[(2`-Cyano Phenyl) Azo]-4,5-Diphenyl Imidazole and its Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg (II) Ions

Spectral

Characterization

Imidazole Ligand .

Waleed A.

Abid Allah M.

Tamara A.

...Show More Authors

The preparation and spectral characterization of complexes for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) ions with new organic heterocyclic azo imidazole dye as ligand 2-[(2`-cyano phenyl) azo ]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole ) (2-CyBAI) were prepared by reacting a dizonium salt solution of 2-cyano aniline with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution .These complexes were characterized spectroscopically by infrared and electronic spectra along with elemental analysis‚ molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The data show that the ligand behaves a bidantate and coordinates to the metal ion via nitrogen atom of azo and with imidazole N3 atom. Octahedral environment is suggested for all metal complex

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