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Difficulties Faced by Iraqi EFL Learners in Translating English Collective Nouns
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The current study is concerned with investigating the difficulties that Iraqi EFL learners of English may face when translating English collective nouns. Such collective nouns as committee, government, , jury , Parliament , etc. are considered singular when the concept of the unity as a group is emphasized , but when the concept of the individuals or numbers is emphasized they are treated as plural. A sample of twenty undergraduate students have been selected randomly to translate certain English collective nouns in some selected political texts in order to find out the difficulties they might face in rendering them into Arabic. It is hypothesized that most of the testees have used the singular form rather than the plural ignoring the notion of meaning of these nouns. Theoretically speaking, the most important conclusions that the present paper has come up with are: Firstly, English collective nouns may co-occur in the singular with either a singular or a plural form of the verb; secondly, in terms of form, three types of collective nouns can be recognized : (a) invariable singular collectives, (b) invariable plural collectives, (c) variable ( singular and plural); thirdly, in terms of meaning there are two types of collective nouns , i.e. human and non- human collectives. Empirically speaking, the paper shows the following conclusions: English collective nouns are problematic and difficult to translate due to the disparity between form and meaning of both languages , the inadequate knowledge of the function of some structural clues in determining the emphasized idea (i.e., singular or plural), and formal equivalence and literal translation are used by most testees.

Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
International Immunopharmacology
Evaluation of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1Ra, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-31, and IL-33) and chemokines (CXCL10 and CXCL16) in the serum of male patients with ankylosing spondylitis
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Publication Date
Sun Apr 04 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Translation & Adaptation of(Patterns) & (Assembly) Scales of The Flanagan Aptitude Classification Tests (FACT)
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The Flanagan Aptitude Classification Tests (FACT) assesses aptitudes that are important for successful performance of particular job-related tasks. An individual's aptitude can then be matched to the job tasks. The FACT helps to determine the tasks in which a person has proficiency. Each test measures a specific skill that is important for particular occupations. The FACT battery is designed to provide measures of an individual's aptitude for each of 16 job elements.

The FACT consists of 16 tests used to measure aptitudes that are important for the successful performance of many occupational tasks. The tests provide a broad basis for predicting success in various occupational fields. All are paper and pen

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Psychological social conflict and its relation with family parental style for adolescences from the intermediate stage student at governmental Hail school, in the light of economical levels and sex variables .KSA
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The current research attempts to examine the relationship between social-psychological conflict and their relation to family upbringing approaches among the adolescents of intermediate stage according to sex and economical level. To do this, the researcher prepared a questionnaire to measure social-psychological conflict that consisted of (32) item divided on four dimensions, and also she prepared a questionnaire to measure family upbringing approaches which composed of (28) item divided on four dimensions. The sample was (260) male and female student from intermediate stage chosen randomly. The results revealed that there were significant differences between social-psychological conflict which went to male, there was a negative correlat

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 23 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The agenda of the French news agency AFP in dealing with the press image of the peaceful resistance The Great Return Marches as a model "an analytical study" “A analytical study”
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The study aimed to identify the treatment of the press image of the Great Return Marches in the French international news agency AFP by knowing the most important issues, their direction and the degree of interest in them. The study belongs to the descriptive research, and used the survey method, within the context of the content analysis method, and the researcher relied on the content analysis form tool and the interview tool to collect data. The study population is represented in the photos published by the French News Agency about the Great Return Marches during the period (end of March / 2018 until the end of November / 2019. The researcher chose an intentional sample using the Complete Census method. The study material represented

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 23 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets bonded to porcelain surface treated with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel compared to hydro fluoric acid with silane coupling agent (In vitro comparative study)
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Background: With the increasing demands for adult orthodontics, a growing need arises to bond attachments to porcelain surfaces. Optimal adhesion to porcelain surface should allow orthodontic treatment without bond failure but not jeopardize porcelain integrity after debonding.The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metal bracket bonded to porcelain surface prepared by two mechanical treatments and by using different etching systems (Hydrofluoric acid 9% and acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23%). Materials and Methods: The samples were comprised of 60 models (28mm *15mm*28mm) of metal fused to porcelain (feldspathic porcelain). They were divided as the following: group I (control): the porcelain surface left u

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences And Applications
Topical 40% <i>Loranthus europaeus</i> Ointment as an Alternative Medicine in the Treatment of Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis versus Topical 25% Podophyllin Solution
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 23 2025
Journal Name
Journal Mustansiriyah Of Sports Science
The effect of using Daniel's model for people with two types of brain control (left and right) to learn the skill of the Cartwheel in artistic gymnastics for second-stage students
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The research problem focused through the researcher's experience in the gymnastics game and the lack of use of educational models that give the student an important role in the educational process, so it became necessary to identify the type of prevailing style for students, and the need for diversity in the use of educational models based on scientific theories, including the Daniel Document model. Based on three theories of learning, which are structural, behavioral, and meaningful learning. The research aimed to identify the effect of using the Daniel model for people with two types of brain control (left and right) to learn the skill of the Cartwheel in artistic gymnastics for students of the second stage. The researcher used the experi

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of Single Layer Graphene Based DI-water Nanofluid in a Circular Tube under Laminar Flow and Different Heat Fluxes as Boundary Conditions
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An experimental study was performed to estimate the forced convection heat transfer performance and the pressure drop of a single layer graphene (GNPs) based DI-water nanofluid in a circular tube under a laminar flow and a uniform heat flux boundary conditions. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid at weight concentrations of (0.1 to 1 wt%) were measured. The effects of the velocity of flow, heat flux and nanoparticle weight concentrations on the  enhancement of the heat transfer are examined. The Nusselt number of the GNPs nanofluid was enhanced as the heat flux and the velocity of flow rate  increased, and the maximum Nusselt number  ratio (Nu nanofluid/ Nu base fluid)   and thermal performance factor

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Impact of Earnings Quality using the Sustainability model (Persistence) and predictability in the Continuity of the Banks: بحث تطبيقي في عينة من المصارف التجارية المدرجة في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية
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The research aims to measure the extent of the impact of Earnings quality in the continuity of the company for a sample of private commercial banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The research sample included (15) of the listed commercial banks that continue to issue their financial statements for the period from (2009-2018).The research relied on three main models of measurement and on four steps. The first step is to measure the Persistence (Earnings Quality) by Depending the sustainability model. While the second step included measuring the Predictability of accounting profits by deriving the square root of the disparity of the estimation error from the first model Persistence (Earnings Quality), and the third step included

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The mother of the believers, the mother of Salamah and her narrators of jurisprudence In attaining the goal of the rulings evidence Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852 AH)      (prayer book)
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The Muslim woman actively participated in narrating, preserving, controlling and maintaining the hadith, along with her brother, the man who later became an inexhaustible representative of the effort to preserve, control, and narrate the Sunnah. Undoubtedly, the mothers of the believers, may God be pleased with them, had a great advantage in communicating Islam and spreading the Sunnah of the Prophet Especially among women, all of them heard from him, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and lived with him in the details of his life on the disparity between them in memorizing and narrating and publishing them. It narrated (378) recently, and it is considered the second narrator after the mother of the believers Aisha, may God be pl

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