New Schiff bases derived from D-galactose were synthesized by condensation of aldehyde (1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-6-carboxaldehyde-α-D-galactopyranose) with different aromatic amines such as (4-bromo, 3-hydroxy, 4-iodo, 4-methoxy) aniline in dry benzene using glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. These compounds were converted to oxazepine derivatives by addition reaction with maleic anhydride in dry benzene as a solvent. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectra, some of them by using 1HNMR spectra and measurement of its physical properties.

Based on collections made during March to September 2012. A totals of 58 species belong to 33 genera were identified from extra north to extra south of Erbil governorate, among them 30 species are registered as a new record to flora of Iraq. Most attention was paid to the most common and abundant lichens that present almost in most locations, which were Collema cristatum, Diploschistes scruposus, Lecanora dispersa, Lecanora murales, Pertusaria flavicunda, Placidium lacinulatum, Thelomma californicum and Verrucaria Maura.

The presence of dyes in wastewater has become a major issue all over the world. The discharge of dyes in the environment is concerned for both toxicological and esthetical reasons. In this study, the removal of dyes from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes as cathode and anode were investigated with the electrocoagulation cell of 1litter. The study included: the impact of various operating parameters on the dyes removal efficiency like pH, NaCl concentration, distance between electrodes, voltage, initial dyes concentration and type of electrodes. The dye (congo red) concentrations were (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm), stirring speed was 120 rpm at room temperature. pH used was maintained constant

In the present study, a low cost adsorbent is developed from the naturally available sawdust
which is biodegradable. The removal capacity of chromium(VI) from the synthetically prepared
industrial effluent of electroplating and tannery industrial is obtained.
Two modes of operation are used, batch mode and fixed bed mode. In batch experiment the
effect of Sawdust dose (4- 24g/L) with constant initial chromium(VI) concentration of 50 mg/L and
constant particle size less than1.8 mm were studied.
Batch kinetics experiments showed that the adsorption rate of chromium(VI) ion by Sawdust
was rapid and reached equilibrium within 120 min. The three models (Freundlich, Langmuir and
Freundlich-Langmuir) were fitted to exper

The cuneiform texts considered one of the most important resources which play an important role help us to know how was the economic , politic and religious manner and every thing have relation of the history of Mesopotamia which contain many of information that enrich our knowldgement every side of Mesopotamia civilization since using writing as away to register the science and human knowldgement . The city of Sippar (Abu –Habba ) was one of most important city of ancient Mesopotamia which mentioned as one of first five Mesopotamian cities found before floating and it exposed through excavating rich one of them tablet which some of it dated to old Babylon period . The king Ammi-Saduqa has a big share of tablet we study number of thi

The study's objective is to produce Nano Graphene Oxide (GO) before using it for batch adsorption to remove heavy metals (Cadmium Cd+2, Nickel Ni+2, and Vanadium V+5) ions from industrial wastewater. The temperature effect (20-50) °C and initial concentration effect (100-800) mg L-1 on the adsorption process were studied. A simulation aqueous solution of the ions was used to identify the adsorption isotherms, and after the experimental data was collected, the sorption process was studied kinetically and thermodynamically. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to fit the data. The results showed that Cd, Ni, and V ions on the GO adsorbing surface matched the Langmuir model with correlation coefficients (R2)

    This research has tackled a scientific figure belongs to Koofi grammatical school. He is Abdullah Al-Tuaal who has occupied the fourth layer among the Koofi grammarians. There was a confusion between him and another Koofi grammarian from the same layer (Mohammed Bin Qaadim) in some old references. This research has clarified this confusion to affirm that they are two different grammarians.This research also tackles the scientific status of Al-Tuaal and the grammatical views that have been ascribed to him in addition to the analysis and discussion of these views. All this in the light of what has been mentioned in grammar books about the issues in which these views were stated.

This research includes a detaile description of new species Rhyncomya irakensis sp. nov.
from Iraq.
Localities distribution, host plants and data of collection were recorded.