Abstract: A home-made dc sputtering is characterized by cathode potential of 250-2500 V and sputtering gas pressures of (3.5×10-2 – 1.5) mbar. This paper studies in experiment the breakdown of argon, nitrogen, and oxygen in a uniform dc electric field at different discharge gaps and cathode potentials. Paschen curves for Argon, Nitrogen, and oxygen are obtained by measuring the breakdown voltage of gas within a stainless steel vacuum chamber with two planar, stainless steel electrodes. The Paschen curves in Ar, N2, and O2 gases show that the breakdown voltage between two electrodes is a function of pd (The product of the pressure inside the chamber and distance between the electrodes). Current-voltage characteristics visualization of the discharge indicate that the discharge is operating in the abnormal glow region.
The growing water demand has raised serious concerns about the future of irrigated agriculture in many parts all over the world, changing environmental conditions and shortage of water (especially in Iraq) have led to the need for a new system that efficiently manages the irrigation of crops. With the increasing population growing at a rapid pace, traditional agriculture will have a tough time meeting future food demands. Water availability and conservation are major concerns for farmers. The configuration of the smart irrigation system was designed based on data specific to the parameters concerning the characteristics of the plant and the properties of soil which are measured once i
An Intelligent Internet of Things network based on an Artificial Intelligent System, can substantially control and reduce the congestion effects in the network. In this paper, an artificial intelligent system is proposed for eliminating the congestion effects in traffic load in an Intelligent Internet of Things network based on a deep learning Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network with a modified Element-wise Attention Gate. The invisible layer of the modified Element-wise Attention Gate structure has self-feedback to increase its long short-term memory. The artificial intelligent system is implemented for next step ahead traffic estimation and clustering the network. In the proposed architecture, each sensing node is adaptive and able to
... Show MoreDue to the potential cost saving and minimal temperature stratification, the energy storage based on phase-change materials (PCMs) can be a reliable approach for decoupling energy demand from immediate supply availability. However, due to their high heat resistance, these materials necessitate the introduction of enhancing additives, such as expanded surfaces and fins, to enable their deployment in more widespread thermal and energy storage applications. This study reports on how circular fins with staggered distribution and variable orientations can be employed for addressing the low thermal response rates in a PCM (Paraffin RT-35) triple-tube heat exchanger consisting of two heat-transfer fluids flow in opposites directions throug
... Show MoreArtificial neural networks usage, as a developed technique, increased in many fields such as Auditing business. Contemporary auditor should cope with the challenges of the technology evolution in the business environment by using computerized techniques such as Artificial neural networks, This research is the first work made in the field of modern techniques of the artificial neural networks in the field of auditing; it is made by using thesample of neural networks as a sample of the artificial multi-layer Back Propagation neural networks in the field of detecting fundamental mistakes of the financial statements when making auditing. The research objectives at offering a methodology for the application of theartificial neural networks wi
... Show MoreSn(II) complex of the type, [Sn(SMZ)2]Cl2 was synthesized by the interaction of Sulfamethoxazole ligand and Tin Chloride, the complex was confirmed on the basis of results of elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, molar conductance (Ëm). The elemental analysis data, suggests the stoichiometry to be 1:2 (metal: ligand) and determination of the formula of a coordination a complex formed between the Sn(II) ion and the SMZ using Job’s method of continuous variations. The study of (Ëm), indicated the electrolytic nature type 1:2. The [Sn(SMZ)2]Cl2 was screened for antibacterial activity against Gram-ve (Escherichia coli and Gram+ve (Staphylococcus aureus) and (Candida albicans) antifungal. The IR spectral data suggested that the coordination sit
... Show MoreA new Schiff base ligand [2,3,8,9–tetra -phenyl-1,4,5,7,10,12-hexa azo-5,12- dihydro -6,11- dione 1,3,7,10-dudec-tetra-ene] [H2L] and its complexes In general formula [M(H2L)]Cl2 (where : M= CoII, NiII, and PdII) were prepared. This ligand was prepared in two steps,in the first step a solution of benzil in methanol was reacted under reflux with semicarbazidhydrochlorid to give an (intermediate compound)[benzyl bis–(Semicarbazone)] which was reacted in the second step with benzil giving the mentioned ligand. The
... Show More2-amino-4-(4-chloro phenyl)-1,3-thiazole (1) was synthesized by refluxing thiourea with para-chloro phenacyl bromide in absolute methanol. The condensation of amine compound (1) with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of pyridine will produce 1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylthiourea(2), which is upon treatment with 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine by conventional method, afforded 1- ( 4 - ( 4 – chlorophenyl ) thiazol – 2 – yl ) – 3 - phenylhydrazonamide,N' - ( 2 , 4 -dinitrophenyl) ,(3).The characterization of the titled compounds were performed utilizing FTIR spectroscopy, 1HNMR and CHNS elemental analysis, and by me
... Show MoreIn this study, nickel cobaltite (NC) nanoparticles were created using the sol-gel process and used as an adsorbent to adsorb methyl green dye (MG) from aqueous solutions. The adequate preparation of nickel cobaltite nanoparticles was verified using FT-IR, SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The crystalline particle size of NC nanoparticles was 10.53 nm. The effects of a number of experimental variables, such as temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, were examined. The optimal contact time and adsorbent dosage were 120 minutes and 4.5 mg/L, respectively. Four kinetic models—an intraparticle diffusion, a pseudo-first-order equation, a pseudo-second-order equation, and the Boyd equation—were employed to monitor the adsorpti
... Show MoreDust samples have been collected from three areas in Baghdad during dust storm occurred in 18th of June 2009 to characterize elemental particle size and composition by different techniques. The x-ray diffraction detected six minerals those are calcite, and quartz, present as a major components, dolomite, kaolinite, gypsum and plagioclase present as miner components .EDX detected some normal elements presented in local soil except traces of lead , nickel, and chromium. The particle size analysis by a set of sieves have revealed that the majority particle distribution was between (32 and 45)μm . To isolate the aerosol size, PM10 buoyancy method of powder in water showed a signifying amounts of particulate size .Scheerer’s method was app
... Show MoreGroundwater quality investigation has been carried out in the western part of Iraq (west longitude '40°40). The physicochemical analyses of 64 groundwater samples collected from seven aquifers were used in the determination of groundwater characterization and assessment. The concept of spatial hydrochemical bi-model was prepared for quantitative and qualitative interpretation. Hydrogeochemical data referred that the groundwater is of meteoric origin and has processes responsible for observed brackishness. The geochemical facies of the groundwater reveal that none of the anions and cations pairs exceed 50% and there are practically mixtures of multi-water types (such as Ca–Mg–Cl–HCO3 and Na+K–SO4–Cl water type) as do
... Show More