chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease with episodes of exacerbation. Variable factors including infectious pathogen can predispose for this exacerbation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of intestinal protozoa in COPD exacerbation. A total of 56 patients with COPD were included in this study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the frequency of exacerbation during the last 6 months: those with ≤1 exacerbation (32 patients) and those with ≥2 exacerbations (24 patients). Stool specimens from each patient were collected two times (one week interval) examined for intestinal parasite. In univariate analysis, rural residence and parasitic infection were more common among patients with frequent exacerbation (45.83% and 33.33%, respectively) than patients with non-frequent exacerbation (18.75% and 9.38%, respectively) with significant differences. However, in multivariate analysis, only body mass index >25 kg/m2 (OR=4.59, 95%CI=1.18-17.86, P=0.028) and parasitic infection (OR=5.51, 95%CI=1.01-30.18, P=0.049) were independently associated with COPD exacerbation. These data indicate a significant association between frequent COPD exacerbation and infection with some intestinal protozoa. However, the cause-effect relationship is debatable.
Objectives: The current work aimed to reveal the impact of gentamicin on the fibronectin binding proteins (fnbp) gene expression and its relation to biofilm and agr type in Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 S. aureus isolates were enrolled in this study previously isolated from different specimens. Identification confirmation and methicillin resistance were achieved by amplification of 16SrRNA and mecA. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay was employed to evaluate the agr typing. The gene expression of fnbA and fnbB genes was tested by real-time PCR technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated by micro broth dilution methodology. Microtiter plate method was performed to determine the a
... Show Moreإن موضوع الشرق الأوسط بشكل عام اتخذ أهمية كبيرة في الكتابات والمؤلفات التي صدرت منذ بداية النصف الأول من عقد التسعينات من القرن المنصرم مع بدايات مشاريع السلام التي أعقبت انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي وتغير الخارطة السياسية والاقتصادية والايديولوجية للعالم .وعلى الرغم ان المصطلح ليس بجديد الا ان تعابير المصطلح وددلالاته تتغير مع تغير موازين القوى واتجاهات المصالح. إذ انتقل من مصطلح جغرافي الى
... Show MoreThe goal of current research to the definition of environmental awareness in the curriculum and its role in sustainable environmental planning, was the research community official regular educational schools (kindergarten, primary, secondary) for the province of Baghdad - Iraq, the sample consisted search of (100) teacher and a teacher, and what research was descriptive analytical, researchers have selected the right tool for the research procedures (closed) questionnaire, distributed to the research sample, has been used by researchers appropriate statistical methods for procedures including: the weighted average extraction unit paragraph,
... Show MoreThe electoral mechanism is remarkably clear, a political tool for institutional construction, directing political life, forming the political scene, and forming the partisan scene. This process was through the design of electoral laws, as elections in Tunisian political history represented the indicator of its slow and accelerated transformations, so The elections in Tunisia usually coincide with important political stages, accompanied by legislative or constitutional amendments in general, Islamic or secular forces have played a fundamental role in promoting the democratic experience and the principle of the peaceful transfer of power. This led to the formation of a national consensus that would help the country not enter into political
... Show MoreBackgr ound: The transfer of the tibialis posterior tendon to the anterior aspect of the ankle not only replaces the function of the paralyzed muscles, but also removes the deforming force on the medial aspect of the foot. Objecti ves: In this study, we evaluated patients who underwent tibialis posterior tendon transfer for the treatment of foot drop, and comparison through interosseous membrane route versus anterior to lower tibia route of tibialis posterior tendon transfer, with evaluation of the results according to carayon criteria Methods: Nine patients with foot drop secondary to different causes treated with tibialis posterior tendon transfer from January 2011 to January 2012 were followed up for a mean of 12 months in Al Kindy Teach
... Show MoreThe role of relaxation program for reducing anxiety of patients in dental clinic
The organizational structure of relations between states is among the main features that distinguished the twentieth century as the era of international organization, especially after the increase in the number of political units after World War II in which regionalism was crystallized as a phenomenon. It is not modern, as there are many blocs such as the European Union that have developed in it, the idea of regional bloc is prominent, especially in Europe, as it emerged after a controversy revolved around what was called globalism in the face of Globalism vs. Regionalism. Regional, as the proponents of the global orientation saw the establishment of a global organization that includes all countries, as the best way to achieve inte
... Show MoreBac kground: The transfer of the tibialis posterior tendon to the anterior aspect
of the ankle not only replaces the function of the paralyzed muscles, but also
removes the deforming force on the medial aspect of the foot.
Objec t i ves : In this study, we evaluated patients who underwent tibialis
posterior tendon transfer for the treatment of foot drop, and comparison through
interosseous membrane route versus anterior to lower tibia route of tibialis
posterior tendon transfer, with evaluation of the results according to carayon
criteria
Methods: Nine patients with foot drop secondary to different causes treated with
tibialis posterior tendon transfer from January 2011 to January 2012 were
followed up for a
Introduction: Since the hallmark of gestational trophoblastic disease is trophoblastic proliferation, Ki67 is regarded as the best marker in studying hydatidiform mole.This study was conducted to evaluate the role of this proliferative marker in distinguishing among hydropic abortion, partial and complete hydatidiform mole. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study involving the application of Ki67 on a total of 90 histological samples of curetting materials from molar (partial and complete mole) and non molar hydropic abortion belong to Iraqi females, so three study groups were created. Immunohistochemical expression in villous cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts and stromal cells were recorded separately by three i
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