Home New Trends in Information and Communications Technology Applications Conference paper Audio Compression Using Transform Coding with LZW and Double Shift Coding Zainab J. Ahmed & Loay E. George Conference paper First Online: 11 January 2022 126 Accesses Part of the Communications in Computer and Information Science book series (CCIS,volume 1511) Abstract The need for audio compression is still a vital issue, because of its significance in reducing the data size of one of the most common digital media that is exchanged between distant parties. In this paper, the efficiencies of two audio compression modules were investigated; the first module is based on discrete cosine transform and the second module is based on discrete wavelet transform. The proposed audio compression system consists of the following steps: (1) load digital audio data, (2) transformation (i.e., using bi-orthogonal wavelet or discrete cosine transform) to decompose the audio signal, (3) quantization (depend on the used transform), (4) quantization of the quantized data that separated into two sequence vectors; runs and non-zeroes decomposition to apply the run length to reduce the long-run sequence. Each resulted vector is passed into the entropy encoder technique to implement a compression process. In this paper, two entropy encoders are used; the first one is the lossless compression method LZW and the second one is an advanced version for the traditional shift coding method called the double shift coding method. The proposed system performance is analyzed using distinct audio samples of different sizes and characteristics with various audio signal parameters. The performance of the compression system is evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Compression Ratio. The outcomes of audio samples show that the system is simple, fast and it causes better compression gain. The results show that the DSC encoding time is less than the LZW encoding time.
Autorías: Muhammad Hamza Shihab, Nuha Mohsin Dhahi. Localización: Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte. Nº. 4, 2022. Artículo de Revista en Dialnet.
The impact of exposure to different sizes of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM7, and PM10) was evaluated in Babylon concrete plant workers who had been exposed to concrete dust for at least 10 years. The effects of these particles on the hematological parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase ) were examined. The results exhibited that the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were higher than the acceptable limits approved by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The blood parameters, namely white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelets counts, demonstrated non-significant differences between workers exposed to the PM as compared to the control gro
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... Show MoreBackground: There are many congenital anomalies associated with cleft lip and/or palate. This research is to study the prevalence of congenitally missing teeth and supernumerary teeth in this population group. Materials and Method: One hundred eight cleft lip and/or palate Iraqi patients had participated in this study (57 male, 51 female), 3-12 years of age. 26 of them had orthopantomogram were within (6-12) years of age were inspected for congenitally missing teeth and supernumerary teeth. Patients whom age range 3-5 years were checked for the congenitally missing teeth by clinical examination with strongly insisting the teeth were not missed due to caries or trauma. Results: There were 19(73.076%) patients with 41 congenitally missing tee
... Show MoreTransition metal complexes of Y(III), La(III) and Rh(III) with azo dye 2,4-dimethyl-6- (4-nitro-phenylazo)-phenol derived from 4-nitroaniline and 2,4-dimethylphenol were synthesized. Characterization of these compounds has been done on the basis of elemental analysis, electronic data, FT-IR,UV-Vis and 1HNMR, as well as conductivity measurements. The nature of the complexes formed were studies following the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer's law obeyed over a concentration range (1x10-4- 3x10-4). High molar absorbtivity of the complex solutions were observed. From the analytical data, the stoichiomerty of the complexes has been found to be 1:3 (Metal:ligand). On the basis of Physicochemical data octahedral geometries were as
... Show MoreIn this paper, some necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the oscillatory of all solutions of the first order impulsive neutral differential equations. Also, some results in the references have been improved and generalized. New lemmas are established to demonstrate the oscillation property. Special impulsive conditions associated with neutral differential equation are submitted. Some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
rhabditid Mesorhabditis franseni Fuchs, 1933 (Family, Mesorhabditidae) and pratylenchid nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher and Allen, 1953 (Family, Pratylenchidae). They were illustrated by molecular aspects. All specimens of both genera were cultured and reproduced for DNA extraction. M. franseni (IRQ.ZAh2 PP528819.1 isolate) was characterized. P. goodeyi (IRQ.ZAh5 PP535537 isolate) was also characterized. Selected specimens of these two species were molecularly characterized using the partial ITS-rRNA gene sequences. The ITS-rRNA sequence of IRQ.ZAh2 PP528819.1 isolate had a range of (98.62%-100%) sequence homology with ITS-rRNA sequence of M. franseni available in NCBI database. While, the ITS-rRNA sequence of IRQ.ZAh5 PP535537 isolate h
... Show MoreBidentate Schiff base ligand 3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-amino]-2-methyl-propionic acid was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques studies and elemental analysis. The Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(III),and Fe(III) of mixed-ligand complexes were structural explicate through Moler conductance , [FT-IR, UV-Vis & AAS], chloride contents, , and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for all complexes. The Schiff base and its complexes were tested against various bacterial species, two of {gram(G+) and gram(G-)} were shown weak to good activity against all bacteria.
Background: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is the most common painful oral mucosal disease, affecting approximately 20% of the population. RAS presents with a wide spectrum of severity ranging from a minor nuisance to complete debility. Many of factors thought to have been involved in its etiology; that might have at the same time a direct or indirect impact upon oxidant/antioxidant system and trigger free radicals production. The aim of this study was to determine the possible association of oxidant/total antioxidant status and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Subjects, materials and methods: The study consisted of thirty patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and thirty healthy controls from which saliva and blood samples we
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