Post-structural critical studies highlighted the importance of studying the texts surrounding the text as an important part in the process of receiving and understanding texts, and although this topic was dealt with by the ancient Arabs and Europeans, interest in it appeared clearly after the appearance of Gerard Genet's book (SEUILS), which separated it Text Thresholds. Or what he called paratexte, and dealt with them with interest as he reads them on books. With the development of semiotic studies, interest in paratexte studies began in a broader way and in various literary and non-literary texts, including journalistic texts. And since specialized magazines are one of the press releases that enjoy their privacy in terms of topics and

Unter Exilliteratur versteht man „die literarische Produktion von Autoren, die wegen politischer, religiöser oder rassistischer Verfolgung gezwungen sind, sich an einem anderen als dem von ihnen gewünschten Lebens- und Arbeitsort aufzuhalten.“[1] Deswegen unterscheidet sich „Migration“ von „Exil“ dadurch, dass sie freiwillige Auswanderung ist. Bereits in der Antike und auch im Mittelalter gab es Schriftsteller, die vor Zensur oder politischer Verfolgung ins Exil geflohen sind, wie zum Beispiel der griechische Satiriker des 

Phonetics has close relevance with Musicology; in this study I decided explaining the interlinkages and harmony between Phonetics and Musicology. Linguists preceded philosophers in an attempt to link Phonetics with Musicology; the 1st serious attempt to link Phonetics with Musicology was done by Ibn Jeny (Dead 392 IC), but the real attempt is found with Farabi through his book under title Al Musiqa Al Kabeer, he defined music and link it with tune and relation between melody and tone, This is the same as pointed out by Ikhwan Al Safa who followed the doctrine of al-Farabi, their attention was with music and link it with phoneme, as they made music independent science, and they created special mathematics rules for it. Melody in music can

Background: Most adult smokers start smoking regularly some time before 18 years of age. Cigarette smoking is a major ‘preventable’ cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is well-known that smoking has hazardous effect on many systems like pulmonary and cardiovascular system.

Objectives: Study the prevalence of smoking among school pupils according to the mode of smoking, age, school grade, school environment and possible health risk associated with smoking. Type of the study: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Study was conducted between 1st of March 2014 to 30th of May 2014 at Al-Doura/Al- Kurkh/Baghdad by using convenient sample, including all pupils from 6 schools. The schools were 2 secondary schools, 3 in

          The current study aimed to reveal the moral values available in the Arabic language textbook (Al-Mu’nes) for   grades eleven and twelve for post-basic education in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the sentence as measuring unit in the analysis process. The five fields of moral values and their subcategories values represented the categories of the analysis. Iterations of values and the percentages of iteration were calculated in those textbooks. Moreover and the analysis and stability of the process were confirmed.

         After referring to previous studies, it was possible to de

Accelerates operating managements in the facilities contemporary business environment toward redefining processes and strategies that you need to perform tasks of guaranteeing them continue in an environment performance dominated by economic globalization and the circumstances of uncertainty attempt the creation of a new structure through multiple pages seek to improve profitability and sustainable growth in performance in a climatefocuses on the development of institutional processes, reduce costs and achieve customer satisfaction to meet their demands and expectations are constantly changing. The research was presented structural matrix performance combines methodology Alsigma in order to improve customer satisfaction significantly bet

       The seasonal variation of two groups of Zooplankton were studied in Diyala river and two branches , about 30Km from Diyala dam   It was found that there are differences in the distribution of the two groups . Atotal of six species were identified of Copepoda in Diyala river and its two branches . The species are Cyclops vernalis .  C . visinus , C . dimorphus , Mesocyclops  laukartu ,Paracyclops affinis and Diaptomus reighardi , where recorded high annual density in Khalis stream . Its annual density was between 0.55 – 20.66 Ind . / L.           Wheras, Cladocera group 14 species were identified . and the most disturbance spe

The reason for my choice of the topic (what Imam Al-Tirmidhi mentioned in his book Al-Sunan regarding the provisions of sales) is that he mentioned many topics that affect people's lives, which are represented by commercial transactions and the exchange of benefits between them, so it became clear to them what is forbidden and what is not, aiming not to fall into the prohibited, and to achieve their interests, and relieve them of embarrassment. What we will see in the research.

Phytoplankton  flora in southern marshes of govemorate Al- Basrah ( Al-SallaJ   marsh   )                                  Meissan   (Al-   Hwizah   marsh)   and   Di-qar   (Al­ Chebiaysh  marsh ) were studied from August 12005 to November /2005,

Four Stations were Chosen in each marsh. Identified  species and total

cell count were recorded . As aquality study, (35) species of algae were identified belonged to (23) genus in Al-Sallal  marsh  , (46) speci

Iron is one of the abundant elements on earth that is an essential element for humans and may be a troublesome element in water supplies.  In this research an AAN model was developed to predict iron concentrations in the location of Al- Wahda water treatment plant in Baghdad city by water quality assessment of iron concentrations at seven WTPs up stream Tigris River. SPSS software was used to build the ANN model. The input data were iron concentrations in the raw water for the period 2004-2011. The results indicated the best model predicted Iron concentrations at Al-Wahda WTP with a coefficient of determination 0.9142. The model used one hidden layer with two nodes and the testing error was 0.834. The ANN model coul