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Measuring and Analysis the Relationship between the Internal Public Debt and the Exchange Rate in the Iraqi Economy for The Period 2004 – 2022
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The scholastic view of public religion differed, and this difference was on two extremes. All economic schools agreed that public debt is a monetary liquidity that was unjustly deducted from the income and output cycle as a result of the imbalance in the economic balance and the departure from the conditions of balance between aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Debt is a waste of financial resources allocated to productive accumulation. Except for the Keynesian school, which considers public debt to be an addition to aggregate demand after the decline in the role of the private sector in investment as a result of pessimistic expectations that warn of signs of economic contraction. Public debt is linked to the exchange rate through the interest rate channel, so that public debt causes competition for financial resources. This competition results in an increase in the local interest rate, which results in an increase in demand for the local currency with the aim of increasing investment, and the demand for the local currency raises the price of the local currency. Which means that there is an indirect relationship between public debt and the exchange rate, but this relationship may create damage in the balance of payments in the near future. They assumed theexistence of a long-term causal relationship between internal public debt and the exchange rate.The main goal of this research is to verify the economic relationship between the investigated variables, using the cointegration model and the error term correction vector model to prove the research hypothesis. And the Kranger model of causality betweenthe variables. The research reached the most prominent conclusion, which is that individual expectations for the internal public debt after each annual deficit in the state’s general budget cause a decrease in the value of the local currency due to the increase in demand for the dollar and the decrease in demand for the dinar, which means that there is causality in one direction. From internal public debt to the exchange rate, this is what was proven by the results of Kranger’s causality test

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Philosophy of resolving the forces of contradiction in the theory of the organization
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The current research aims to provide a philosophical and knowledge framework  to explain the issue of organizations dealing with Paradox phenomena by focusing on five main aspects. The first deals with the concept of paradox, and the second aspect deals with the types of forces paradox. While the third aspect regards subject of the philosophy of paradox in organization theory and the fourth side deals with methods of   solving the paradox. Finally, the last side is exposed to the subject of the paradoxes of the three provided by the study (L

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 21 2019
Journal Name
Biochemical & Cellular Archives
EVALUATION OF THE POTASSIUM AVAILABILITY IN THE SALINE SOILS USING THE THERMODYNAMIC CRITERION
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Peace For Humanities And Social Sciences Jphsc
The role of the contract Duration in the pre-contract stage " Comparative study"
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Time crosses one of the most important principles that are agreed upon in contracts, because the temporal dimension has a significant impact on all contract provisions and is not limited to a certain group of them. French and Arab legal jurists alike called for this dimension to be given special attention. That is the term of the contract term; To try to limit the temporal elements, clarify their provisions and distinguish between them, but in the Arab world it did not receive the same attention that it received in the West.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 13 2025
Journal Name
Nasaq
The Effectiveness of The Proposed Teaching strategy According to The Common Knowledge Construction Model in The Achievement of Students of The Second intermediate grade in Mathematics
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 13 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Patterns of Feedback Used in the E-Learning System from the Teachers of the First Cycle in the Governorate of Muscat at the Sultanate of Oman
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Abstract

This study aims to identify the degree to which the first cycle teachers use different feedback patterns in the e-learning system in addition to the differences in the degree of use according to specialization, teaching experience, and in-service training in the field of classroom assessment, as well as the interaction between them. The study sample consisted of (350) female teachers of the first cycle in government schools in Muscat Governorate for the academic year 2020/2021. The study used a questionnaire that contained four different patterns of feedback, which are reinforcement, informative, corrective, and interpretive feedback. The psychometric properties of the que

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 31 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The wisdom of diversity in the Holy Quran
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Research summary

 


The first step towards the goal of coexistence with diversity, we must all recognize each one of us the rights of others regardless of his religion, color, gender, and point of view, and that each one agrees with his partnership with others, and a person’s belonging to a religion or doctrine must be based on conviction and self-motivation, and that the true Sharia prohibits a Muslim To impose on others what they do not believe and believe in, for God Almighty did not give His Prophet this right, so how about others, and it is not surprising for everyone that disharmony and rivalry impede the attempt to advance in society, and it is natural that our enemies take advantage of our division among us,

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 05 2024
Journal Name
Al-academy
The concept of metaphor in the contemporary sculpture
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Despite the importance of this term in linguistics and rhetoric ancient and modern literary forms in general, is that it is possible to use in clarifying the foundations of the relationship hidden and manifest between shapes in models art adjacent or successive spatially, as the artwork plastic in general and sculpture in particular consists of formal structure somewhat similar to the structure in any language text and we can decode these blades structure and analyze the implications and come to their meanings and re-read and interpreted under the guidance of the concepts and techniques of neighboring developed primarily for linguistic analysis of texts or launched from their references. This split search to four chapters included the fi

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Al-adab Journal
Translation of the Anthropomorphic Expressions in the Qur’an
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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The provisions of the monkey in Islamic jurisprudence
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The provisions of the monkey in Islamic jurisprudence

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 31 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Terrorist Project in Terms of the Agreement
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Terrorist crime is considered a serious act that outweighs all other crimes in terms of impact and result, because it has a wide range on societies, and it also contains a great thing of danger represented in its purpose, and here describing terrorism as a crime is a description that does not give the full right to this behavior or that it It abbreviates it and does not show its actual reality, given that terrorism contains several different crimes and the roles of its contributors, and these roles are necessary to reach the result or the end. In which each episode is complementary to the other, it is not a single act, but rather several joint and complex actions that in turn all lead to the result, and the agreement in the terrorist pro

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