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The impact of different compression ratios on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a biodiesel engine
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<p>The current work investigated the combustion efficiency of biodiesel engines under diverse ratios of compression (15.5, 16.5, 17.5, and 18.5) and different biodiesel fuels produced from apricot oil, papaya oil, sunflower oil, and tomato seed oil. The combustion process of the biodiesel fuel inside the engine was simulated utilizing ANSYS Fluent v16 (CFD). On AV1 diesel engines (Kirloskar), numerical simulations were conducted at 1500 rpm. The outcomes of the simulation demonstrated that increasing the compression ratio (CR) led to increased peak temperature and pressures in the combustion chamber, as well as elevated levels of CO<sub>2</sub> and NO mass fractions and decreased CO emission values under the same biodiesel fuel type. Additionally, the findings revealed that the highest cylinder temperature was 1007.32 K and the highest cylinder pressure was 7.3 MPa, achieved by biodiesel derived from apricot oil at an 18.5% compression ratio. Meanwhile, the highest NO and CO<sub>2</sub> mass fraction values were 0.000257524 and 0.040167679, respectively, obtained from biodiesel derived from papaya oil at an 18.5% compression ratio. This study explained that the apricot oil biodiesel engine had the highest combustion efficiency with high emissions at a compression ratio of 18:5. On the other hand, tomato seed oil biodiesel engines had low combustion performance and low emissions of NO and CO<sub>2</sub> at a compression ratio of 15:5. The current study concluded that apricot oil biodiesel may be a suitable alternative to diesel fuel operated at a CR of 18:1.</p>

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Judicial Accounting and its impact on the outcome of the activity of the Iraqi General Insurance Company: applied research
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The research aims to shed light on the importance of forensic accounting and its impact on the outcome of the activity of the Iraqi general insurance company by winning the lawsuits filed against the company because the forensic accountant (the judicial expert) possesses the ability to interpret and analyze the data. The research community represents the insurance companies in Iraq. Iraqi insurance, and the researchers adopted the descriptive approach in covering the theoretical aspect and the deductive approach in covering the practical side, depending on the financial statements of the Iraqi insurance company for the years of research.

One of the most important conclusions reached by the researchers was that forensic accounting

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The ethical dimension of administrative accountants And its impact on the improvement and growth of staff potential in the economic unit
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تعد المحاسبة بشكل عام علماً لكنها ليست من العلوم الصرفة وإنما من العلوم الإجتماعية مما يتطلب للتعامل مع المواضيع المحاسبية الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار الأشخاص المعنيين بالموضوع سواء كانوا المعدين للمخرجات المحاسبية أي المحاسبين، أو الاطراف ذوي المصالح المعنيين والمستفيدين من هذه المخرجات أي المستخدمين، ويعد المحاسب جزءاً من العملية الاجرائية نفسها وبهذا يكون دوره مزدوجاً يجمع بين كونه القائم بالبحث والقي

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 10 2024
Journal Name
International Development Planning Review
THE IMPACT OF COMPETITIVE SPEED EXERCISES ON JUNIOR BOXERS' EFFECTIVENESS OF SKILL PERFORMANCE AND COUNTERATTACK SPEED
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The competitive environment influences the increase in exercise intensity and hence adds to the growth of training and practice. The study objective.to identify the effect of competitive speed exercises on the effectiveness of skill performance and speed of counterattack for junior boxers, as well as to know the rate of development for these variables.Materials and methods. The research sample consisted of twelve up-and-coming Al-Najda Sports Club players who participated in the national tournament and were selected with care. They were placed into two groups, control and experimental, with six boxers each in the control and experimental groups. The two groups were assigned identical weights on purpose, and their ages range from 15 to 16 ye

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Impact of Aluminum Oxide Content on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO: AlO Thin Films
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AlO-doped ZnO nanocrystalline thin films from with nano crystallite size in the range (19-15 nm) were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition technique. The reduction of crystallite size by increasing of doping ratio shift the bandgap to IR region the optical band gap decreases in a consistent manner, from 3.21to 2.1 eV by increasing AlO doping ratio from 0 to 7wt% but then returns to grow up to 3.21 eV by a further increase the doping ratio. The bandgap increment obtained for 9% AlO dopant concentration can be clarified in terms of the Burstein–Moss effect whereas the aluminum donor atom increased the carrier's concentration which in turn shifts the Fermi level and widened the bandgap (blue-shift). The engineering of the bandgap by low

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Impact of Glass Waste on the Flexural, Compressive, and Direct Tension Bonding Strengths of Masonry Bricks
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The waste material problem in today's world has become a major topic affecting all sectors of human life. Researchers are interested in providing solutions for each kind of waste material. Waste glass is one of the waste materials whose amounts increase daily. This article deals with two types of modified cement mortar with glass granular in the masonry wall to find their effect on the wall's property (direct tensile, flexural, and compressive bond strength). Seven different mixes were prepared according to the used glass granular ratio (three mixes contained white glass with 15, 20, and 25% while three of them contained green glass granular 5, 10, and 15%, and the last mix was a controlled mix which contains no glass gr

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Assessment of the Cost and Time Impact of Variation Orders on Construction Projects in Sulaimani Governorate
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Variation orders are an on-going phenomenon in construction and industry projects worldwide, particularly in the province of Sulaimani, where the project's damage from cost and schedule overrun because of variation orders. However, the effect on project costs and time overrun of variation order has yet to be identified. This study evaluates the impact of variation orders on the cost and time off in the Sulaimani governorate. Two hundred twenty-eight projects from various construction sectors built between 2007-2012 were adopted to calculate the contract cost and schedule overruns due to variation orders. Data analysis was applied in the study were descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA was also applied to determine w

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 07 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effect of metal wire and glass fibers on the impact strength of acrylic denture-base resin
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Objective(s): The aim of this study is to compare the impact strength of a heat cured denture-base acrylic resin
reinforced with metal wire and glass fibers.

Methodology: Forty five specimens were prepared from pink heat cure acrylic resin. Specimens were grouped into;
group-I (control group) which consists of 15 specimens with no reinforcement, group-II which consists of 15 specimens
reinforced with metal wire, and group-III consists of 15 specimens reinforced with glass fibers. Specimens were tested
by using charpy impact machine.

Results: The result showed that there was a highly significant difference in impact strength value among the testing
groups at (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The impact str

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Ceramics International
Influence of DC magnetron sputtering reaction gas on structural and optical characteristics of Ce-oxide thin films
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The influence of the reaction gas composition during the DC magnetron sputtering process on the structural, chemical and optical properties of Ce-oxide thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed that all thin films exhibited a polycrystalline character with cubic fluorite structure for cerium dioxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that cerium is present in two oxidation states, namely as CeO2 and Ce2O3, at the surface of the films prepared at oxygen/argon flow ratios between 0% and 7%, whereas the films are completely oxidized into CeO2 as the aforementioned ratio increases beyond 14%. Various optical parameters for the thin films (including an optical band gap in the range of 2.25–3.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Engineering And Technology Journal
Study of the Diffusion Coefficient and Hardness for a Composite Material when Immersed in Different Solutions Polymer
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Perceived organizational support and impact on high performance Analytical research in the colleges of the University of Baghdad
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     The research tagged (Perceived Organizational Support in High Performance) deals with identifying the extent of the impact of perceived organizational support as an explanatory variable on high performance as a response variable for the purpose of reaching appropriate mechanisms that enable colleges of the University of Baghdad to exploit the perceived organizational support in achieving the required high performance and pursuit of its goals. The researcher relied on the descriptive and analytical approach in carrying out the research. An intentional sample was selected and reached (70) persons from the higher leadership of the colleges represented by (deans, assistants deans, heads of departments) that r

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