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Impoliteness Formulas, Triggers, and Purposes to Refusal as Employed by Iraqi English Learners
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The present study aims at scrutinizing the impoliteness types, causes, and purposes utilized by Iraqi English language learners when refusing marriage proposals. Thus, it attempts to answer the questions: (1) what are the impoliteness formulas used by the Iraqi learners of English in refusing marriage proposals?, and (2) What are their impoliteness triggers/causes and the purposes? The study is significant in bridging the gap that few linguistic types of research concentrate on studying intentionality and emotions allied with impoliteness. Data were collected from 35 Iraqi learners of English responding to 6 situations of marriage. The data were analyzed using Culpeper’s (2011) formulas of impoliteness and Bousfield’s (2007) impoliteness triggers and intentions. The findings revealed that the most regular impoliteness formulas were insults and pointed criticisms/complaints. Regarding impoliteness triggers, the Iraqi learners’ responses reflected anger and disapproval as the most common triggers of impoliteness. Lastly, impoliteness was utilized as an instrument of insulting, quipping, and showing grudge when refusing the marriage situations; however, some impoliteness occurred as a counseling technique. The study concludes with some recommendations for future works.

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Effect of Process Variables, Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution by Date Seeds and its Activated Carbon by ZnCl2
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The adsorption of hexavalent chromium by preparing activated carbon from date seeds with zinc chloride as chemical activator and granular date seeds was studied in a batch system. The characteristics of date seeds and prepared activated carbon (ZAC) were determined and found to have a surface area 500.01 m2/g and 1050.01  m2/g , respectively and  iodine number of 485.78 mg/g and 1012.91  mg/g, respectively. The effects of PH value (2-12), initial sorbate concentration(50-450mg/L), adsorbent weight (0.004-0.036g) and contact time (30-150 min) on the adsorption process were studied . For Cr(VI) adsorption on ZAC, at 120 min time contact, pH solution 2 and 0.02  adsorbent  weight  will ach

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Anthropology and Representations of Magic in Arab Theatrical Text Harut and Marut's Play as a Model: وصال خلفة كاظم البكري
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The research (Anthropology and Representations of magic in Arab Theatrical Text, Harut and Marut's play as a Model) is concerned with studying magic and the forms of its presence in the theatrical text in different human cultures where it belongs. The research consists of four chapters.
The first chapter includes the research problem that revolves around the following questions: (what is the mechanism of employing magic anthropology and its representations in the Arab theatrical text Harut and Marut's play as a model?), and the research importance which is attributed to the necessity of studying (magic) in the Arab theatrical text as it is considered the inauguration of one of the social phenomena that many researchers in the field o

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 16 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Comparative study of CA19-9 levels as tumor marker in sera and tissues of breast, prostate and thyroid cancer patients
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Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels were measured in sera and tissues of 40 patients with breast cancer (01), 8 patients with prostate cancer (G2)and 12 patients with thyroid cancer (G3), by the enzyme­ linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

The patients were admitted to Medical City Hospitals (Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Nursing Home Hospital). The sera were taken just before surgery, where the specimens were taken immediately after surgery and kept in saline solution at -20°C until the time of homogenizing process.

The results of CA 19-9 levels in sera were (16.309±7.143; 31.281±0.766;

11.5±0.707 U/ml respectively compared with serum CA 19-9 level of control group G4 which was 7.74

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Publication Date
Fri May 12 2023
Journal Name
European Journal Of Dentistry
Salivary IL-17 and IL-10 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Different Stages of Periodontitis in Smoker and Nonsmoker Patients
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Abstract<p> Objectives The gold standard in the field of periodontal research currently is to find a valid biomarker that can reliably be used for diagnosing periodontal diseases. Given the limitations of the current diagnostic tools that stall to predict susceptible individuals and determine whether active tissue destruction is occurring, there is an increased urge to develop alternative diagnostic techniques that would compensate for the problems inherited in these available methods, such as measuring levels of biomarkers present in oral fluids such as saliva; so the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-10 to differentiate periodontal health </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Synthetic Sacks as Reinforced Fibers in the Thermosetting Composites
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This study was carried out to investigate the preparation of thermosetting polymeric blend consisting of three adhesive types, namely: epoxy, polyvinyl formal (PVF) and unsaturated polyester. Both of epoxy and PVF were used as a matrix-binder at fixed weight. Whilst unsaturated polyester was used at different weights and added to the matrix so as to produce prepared epoxy-PVF-unsaturated polyester blend. Several experiments were performed at different operating conditions, mixing speed and time at room temperature to identify the most favorable operating conditions. The optimum mixing speed and mixing time for the prepared blend were 500rpm and 5 minutes respectively.

      Solid wastes-synthetic sack fib

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Bayes Estimator as a Function of Some Classical Estimator
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Maximum likelihood estimation method, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimation method and minimum mean square error estimation, as classical estimation procedures, are frequently used for parameter estimation in statistics, which assuming the parameter is constant , while Bayes method assuming the parameter is random variable and hence the Bayes estimator is an estimator which minimize the Bayes risk for each value the random observable and for square error lose function the Bayes estimator is the posterior mean. It is well known that the Bayesian estimation is hardly used as a parameter estimation technique due to some difficulties to finding a prior distribution.

The interest of this paper is that

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis of new derivatives of Ceftazidime as possible Prodrugs
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Five new ceftazidime derivatives were designed and synthesized in an attempt to improve the acid stability and may increase the spectrum of ceftazidime. The synthesized compounds included;  Schiff base of ceftazidime (compound 1), ceftazidime lysine amide Schiff base (compound 2), ceftazidime lysine amide (compound 3), ceftazidime-di-lysine amide Schiff base (compound 4) and ceftazidime-di-lysine amide (compound 5). New ceftazidime derivatives were successfully prepared characterized and identified using spectral and elemental microanalysis (CHNS) analyses and the results comply with the calculated measurements.

Compounds 1 and 2 were subjected to a stability study in phosphate buffer (0.2M, pH 7.4) and in KCl/HCl buffer (0.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
In Vitro Study of MefenamateStarch as Drug Delivery System
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Mefenamic acid was esterified with starchwith[1:1] Molar ratio, as drug substituted with natural polymer, to prolongthe period of hydrolysis of drug polymer with other advantages. The new prodrug starch was characterized by FT-IR and UV-Visible and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. The physical properties were studied and controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37oC. The stability of drug was carried out by measuring the absorbance of mefenamic starch which hydrolyzed in HCl solution of pH 1.1 (artificial gastric fluid) and phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 (simulating intestinal fluid SIF) at 37oC for several days. The thermal analysis such as DSC was studied.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 17 2019
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Toughining of Epoxy-Resins Using Thermoplastic Materials as Modifiers
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Epoxy resins were modified using thermoplastics, such as polystyrene and poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) or their monomers polymerized in situe. The modifications showed good results specially when (PMMA) was used. Thermal analysis of the modified polymers were studied using (DSC) and other physico-mechanical properties measurement.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 24 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Iraq Sophism Recitation "luIIaby as example": أنمار علي حسين
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The research consists of four chapters, and the research aims to uncover the melodic and rhythmic aspects of the Iraqi Sufi chanting (Thalilah as a model) as one of the models of Sufi chanting in Iraq that is held at the tomb of Sheikh "Abdul Qadir Al-Kilani". As for the temporal limit of the research, it is from 2011 to 2012.
The researcher selected two samples for the research sample:
1. Separation of the Thalilah of the Prophet Al Adnani
2. Separate the chanting of prayers
According to the musical analysis, the researcher prepared the search tool, which consisted of eight paragraphs, for a special standard system in line with the research objectives. The validity and reliability of the instrument was verified by experts to

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