The current research deals with practical studies that explain to the Iraqi consumer multiple instances about the phenomenon of water hammer which occur in the water pipeline operating with pressure. It concern a practical study of the characteristics of this phenomenon and economically harmful to the consumer the same time. Multiple pipe fittings are used aimed to reduce this phenomenon and its work as alternatives to the manufactured arresters that used to avoid water hammer in the sanitary installations, while the consumer did not have any knowledge as to the non-traded for many reasons, including the water pressure decreases in the networks and the use of consumer pumps to draw water directly from the network. Study found a number of

Development of improved methods for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles are of high priority for the advancement of material science and technology. Herein, the biosynthesis of ZnO using hydrahelix of beta vulgaris and the seed of abrus precatorius as an aqueaus extracts adduced respectivily as stablizer and reductant reagent. The support are characterized by spectroscopic methods ( Ft-IR, Uv-vis ).The FTIR confirmed the presence of ZnO band. The Uv-visible showed absorption peak at corresponds to the ZnO nanostructures. X-ray diffraction, scaning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques are taken to investigation the size, structure and composition of synthesised ZnO nanocrystals. The XRD pattern mat

In this research, the TEC parameter has been determined for the ionosphere layer over the Iraqi zone. The calculations of this parameter have been conducted using the IRI model that considered as one of the recommended international models which used to calculate the ionosphere parameter (TEC). The determinations have been made for several sites or sites that located within the Iraqi territory. The years (2011-2013) of the solar cycle 24 have been adopted to make the determinations for the TEC parameter.The capital Baghdad has been selected to represent the transmitter station and many different communication points which are located in different directions around the transmitter station have been represented as receiving stations.

Within this paper, we developed a new series of organic chromophores based on triphenyleamine (TPA) (AL1, AL-2, AL-11 and AL-22) by engineering the structure of the electron donor (D) unit via replacing a phenyle ring or inserting thiophene as a π-linkage. For the sake of scrutinizing the impact of the TPA donating ability and the spacer upon the photovoltaic, absorptional, energetic, and geometrical characteristic of these sensitizers, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) have been utilized. According to structural characteristics, incorporating the acceptor, π-bridge and TPA does not result in a perfect coplanar conformation in AL-22. We computed EHOMO, ELUMO and bandgap (Eg) energies by performing frequency a

Heat pipes and two‐phase thermosyphon systems are passive heat transfer systems that employ a two‐phase cycle of a working fluid within a completely sealed system. Consequently, heat exchangers based on heat pipes have low thermal resistance and high effective thermal conductivity, which can reach up to the order of (105 W/(m K)). In energy recovery systems where the two streams should be unmixed, such as airconditioning systems of biological laboratories and operating rooms in hospitals, heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEs) are recommended. In this study, an experimental and theoretical study was carried out on the thermal performance of an air‐to‐air HPHE filled with two refrigerants as working fluids, R22 and R407c. The heat pipe he

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the photochemical electric cells, which consists of the photoelectrode, the dye, the electrolyte, and the counter electrode. The advantage of DSSC is the low cost of the solar energy conversion into electricity because of inexpensive materials and the relative ease of the fabrication processes. In this study was selected solvent dye resolve to know most efficient in terms of conversion efficiency. A dye solution of water or ethanol and maxing in which eosin – y dissolves behaves like a colloid and explores the effect of sintering temperature of TiO2 films on the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. A study conducted on several samples at different temperatures. Exemplary efficiency of the

    As part of our research on efficiency improvement of PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Solar Cell), achieving very low reflectivity values of solar cell surface is a must. One of the most advance technologies to do so is the use of advanced texturing for the front surface of the cells. This texture, also known as Black Silicon, consists of peaks and valleys of nano metric dimensions and capable of dramatically reducing the reflectance of the front surface. A reflectance around 5%  was reached ,using simulation, when using a Black-Silicon texturing with height of 50nm with peak rounding of 5nm. Even though this texturing may affect other parameters such as series resistance or surface recombination, as a starting point

A phytoremediation experiment was carried out with kerosene as a model for total petroleum hydrocarbons. A constructed wetland of barley was exposed to kerosene pollutants at varying concentrations (1, 2, and 3% v/v) in a subsurface flow (SSF) system. After a period of 42 days of exposure, it was found that the average ability to eliminate kerosene ranged from 56.5% to 61.2%, with the highest removal obtained at a kerosene concentration of 1% v/v. The analysis of kerosene at varying initial concentrations allowed the kinetics of kerosene to be fitted with the Grau model, which was closer than that with the zero order, first order, or second order kinetic models. The experimental study showed that the barley plant designed in a subsu

في هذا البحث تم تحضير المركبات المعدنية الجديدة لأيونات البلاتين (الرباعي) و الذهب (الثلاثي) مع ليكاند قاعدة مانخ جديد مشتق من السيبروفلوكساسين . تم استخدام المعقدات بعد ذلك كمصدر  لتحضير جزيئات                              عن طريق ترسيب المعقدات على مسام دقائق السيليكا النانوية.                                                                      Si/Au2O3 Si/PtO2  تم تشخيص الليكاند و معقداته