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Experimental Evaluation of Free-Fall Gravity Drainage in Water-Drive Reservoirs: Impact of Aquifer Strength and Reservoir Heterogeneity/Homogeneity
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This study experimentally investigated Free-Fall Gravity Drainage (FFGD) under combination-drive conditions in a two-dimensional Hele-Shaw model representing a water-drive reservoir. An initially high gravity potential from the oil column enabled early oil drainage before aquifer support became dominant. Three water-drive strengths were tested, demonstrating that a stronger aquifer (1.15 psig) accelerated oil recovery to approximately 75% of the original oil in place (OOIP) within 60 minutes, resulting in a final recovery of 79.5%. However, this was accompanied by rapid water breakthrough after 2.5 minutes and high-water cuts exceeding 90%. In contrast, a weaker aquifer (0.725 psig) stabilized the oil–water contact, delaying water encroachment and maintaining zero water cut throughout 240 minutes, albeit with a lower ultimate recovery of 70.2%. Visual observations confirmed that a stable water crest and oil bank were preserved longer under moderate to weak aquifer pressures, extending the gravity-dominated recovery and reducing water handling requirements. Residual oil saturation was higher under weak aquifer support (27.9%) than stronger water drive (16.8%) due to a loss of gravity potential as the oil column declined and limited aquifer support. A comparative experiment in a heterogeneous system revealed approximately 22% lower ultimate recovery and water breakthrough within 5 minutes, attributed to heterogeneity promoting preferential flow, poor sweep efficiency, and early breakthrough. In contrast, the homogeneous system sustained production with no water breakthrough for 300 minutes. These insights strengthen the understanding of gravity drainage and can help guide enhanced oil recovery strategies in water-drive reservoirs.

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 29 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Impact of Chemotherapy upon Lifestyle for the Patient with BIadder Cancer
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Objectives: The study aimed to determine the effect of chemotherapy on the life style of patients who
receive chemotherapy.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in Specialty Surgery Teaching Hospital, Al-yamok
Teaching Hospital, and Radiation and Nuclear Medicine Hospital in Baghdad for the period from May
2007 to October 2008. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (loo) patients with bladder cancer
who receive chemotherapy where concerned in this study.
A questionnaire fom was constnicted for the purpose of the study and it was comprised of
two parts. The questiormaire consists of (125) items. They include (1) demographic information (2)
assessment of lifestyle dimension. The content validity of the q

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 18 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
The Impact of Nutrition Education Program upon Pregnant Mothers’ Nutritional Knowledge
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Objective: Determine the effectiveness of the Nutrition Education Program upon the pregnant mothers'
nutritional knowledge.
Methodology: ٨ quazi-experimental study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the nutrition
education program upon the pregnant mother's nutritional knowledge. A non-probability "purposive sample" of
(60) pregnant mother was selected from Al-bayaa' Primary Health Care Center in Baghdad City. These mothers
were divided into two equal groups; study group and control group. A questionnaire was developed as a tool of
data collection for the purpose of the study. A pilot study and follow-up was carried out to test the reliability and
validity of the questionnaire for the period of Octobe

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Impact of Holy Qur’an on Pushkin’s Poetry A Comparative Study
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Praise be to Allah , the Lord of Heavens , Who revealed His Scripture in plain Arabic, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of all creatures and the chosen one , Muhammad (PBUH).Pushkin was known as a poet in Russia, the sun of its poetry that set, the father of the Russian literature and the founder of its literary language. When he published his poems, trying to express his inner poetic feelings and creative visions, he presented them with creativity and special touch. The reason behind the selection of Pushkin as the subject of this study is that he was affected by Islam and Arabs. For the purpose of this study, the dissertation has been divided into introduction and three chapters; each chapter includes two topics. In the introdu

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact Of Knowledge Innovation On Strategic Empowerment (Comparative Field Research)
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The Innovation Of Knowledge Is An Important And A Key Element In The Progress And Business Excellence Organizations, Therefore Requires Several Elements To Help Create And Implement And Move The Innovation Process Of Knowledge, Including The Strategic Empowerment Associated With The Element Of The Process Of Strategic Momentum Engine Driven Wheel Continuous Dynamic Innovation, And Focused Research Problem By Measuring The Availability Of Strategic Empowerment When Individuals From By Senior Departments And Ways To Help Organizations To Provide Empowerment Commensurate With The Requirements Of Achieving The Goals Of Time And Place Appropriate For The Individual, And The Importance Of Research Stems From The Importance Of The Varia

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Study The Impact of Geopolymer Mortar Reinforced by Micro Steel Fibers
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In this research, geopolymer mortar had to be designed with 50% to 50% slag and fly ash with and without 1% micro steel fiber at curing temperature of 240℃. The molarity of alkaline solution adjusted with 12 molar sodium hydroxid to sodium silicate was 2 to 1, reaspectivly. The heat of curing increased the geopolymerization proceses of geoplymer mortar, which led to increasing strength, giving the best result and early curing age. The heat was applied for two days by four hours each day. It was discovered in the impact test that the value first crack of each mix was somewhat similar, but the failure increased 72%  for the mixture that did not contain fiber. For the energy observation results it was shown that the mixt

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Impact of Twitter Sentiment Related to Bitcoin on Stock Price Returns
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Twitter is becoming an increasingly popular platform used by financial analysts to monitor and forecast financial markets. In this paper we investigate the impact of the sentiments expressed in Twitter on the subsequent market movement, specifically the bitcoin exchange rate. This study is divided into two phases, the first phase is sentiment analysis, and the second phase is correlation and regression. We analyzed tweets associated with the Bitcoin in order to determine if the user’s sentiment contained within those tweets reflects the exchange rate of the currency. The sentiment of users over a 2-month period is classified as having a positive or negative sentiment of the digital currency using the proposed CNN-LSTM

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 04 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Nature And Science Of Medicine
Impact of Patients’ Education upon Reducing Psychological Distress during Diabetic Journey
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background and Objectives:

Diabetes distress (DD), an emotional burden that does not meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, has gained attention in the diabetes literature. It was to evaluate the impact of diabetes education among psychological distress in type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 1, 2024, and March 1, 2025, at the Endocrine and diabetes center in Baghdad City, Iraq, tar

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of creative accounting practices that are reflected on the sincerity and fairness of financial statements on tax evasion
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The research aims to achieve a set of objectives, the most important of which is to educate the management of companies operating in the private sector about the advantages and risks of using creative accounting practices, as on the one hand they serve the interests of the company and improve its image, and on the other hand it exposes it to the risks of non-compliance with tax laws and legislation or the risks of default and bankruptcy as a result of exploiting gaps and flexibility in the application Accounting standards, and in line with the objectives and through the research problem that was formulated in the form of a question (Are their creative accounting practices that are reflected in the honesty and fairness of financia

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 27 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of strategic foresight on strategic decision-making- Analytical study at the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 27 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Business Economics For Applied Research
The impact of total quality management on the quality engineering of Diyala State Company&#39;s products and production processes
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