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Production of biodiesel by using CaO nano-catalyst synthesis from mango leaves extraction
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Development and population expansion have the lion's share of driving up the fuel cost. Biodiesel has considerable attention as a renewable, ecologically friendly and alternative fuel source. In this study, CaO nanocatalyst is produced from mango leaves as a catalysis for the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel. The mango tree is a perennial plant, and its fruit holds significant economic worth due to its abundance of vitamins and minerals. This plant has a wide geographical range and its leaves can be utilized without any negative impact on its growth and yield. An analysis was conducted to determine the calcium content in the fallen leaves, revealing a significant quantity of calcium that holds potential for utilization. The catalyst was characterized by different analytic techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and BET analyses. Several parameters impacted on the transesterification process were exploited by conventional transesterification (batch). The result revealed that the optimum reaction was reached at a methanol to oil ratio of 50% w/w, catalyst loading of 3%, temperature of 65℃ and reaction time of 1.5 h with a yield of 93.21%, and the activation energy of the transesterification reaction was found to be 38.906 KJ mol-1. The reaction was verified to be irreversible pseudo-first order based on a linear Arrhenius plot and a high R2 value. The catalyst shows good stability and catalytic activity when it is reused and the yield was found to be 80.293% in the 5th cycle.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 24 2021
Journal Name
Agronomy
Impact of Nitrogen Rate in Conventional and Organic Production Systems on Yield and Bread Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat
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Soft red winter wheat (SRW) is characterized by high yield and relatively low protein content. In Kentucky, there is growing demand from local artisan bread bakers for regionally produced flour, requiring production of grain with increased protein content and/or strength. The objective of this two-year field experiment was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) management on five cultivars of winter wheat on yield and bread baking quality traits of modern and landrace SRW cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). All five cultivars were evaluated using two N application rates in conventional and organic production systems. All traits measured were significantly affected by the agricultural production system and N rate, although plant height

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Eco Env And Cons
Histological changes resulting from the use of sublethal concentrations from insecticide.....
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 27 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Tensile force measurement by using different lingual retainer wires, bonding materials types and thickness (A comparative in vitro study)
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Background: The bonded orthodontic retainer constructed from multistrand wire and composite is an efficient esthetic retainer, which can be maintained long-term. Clinical failures of bonded orthodontic retainers, most commonly at the wire/composite interface, have been reported. This in vitro investigation aimed to evaluate the tensile forces of selected multistrand wires and composite materials that are available for use in the construction of bonded fixed retainers. Materials and Methods: The study sample includes 120 wires with three types of retainer wires (3 braided strands\ Orthotechnology, 8 braided strands\ G&H Orthodontics, 6 coaxial strands\ Orthoclassic wires), two types of adhesive (flowable\ Orthotechnology, non flowable\ G&H O

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
solving linear fractional programming problems (LFP) by Using denominator function restriction method and compare it with linear transformations method
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Abstract

The use of modern scientific methods and techniques, is considered important topics to solve many of the problems which face some sector, including industrial, service and health. The researcher always intends to use modern methods characterized by accuracy, clarity and speed to reach the optimal solution and be easy at the same time in terms of understanding and application.

the research presented this comparison between the two methods of solution for linear fractional programming models which are linear transformation for Charnas & Cooper , and denominator function restriction method through applied on the oil heaters and gas cookers plant , where the show after reac

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Agricultural And Statistical Sciences
DYNAMIC MODELING FOR DISCRETE SURVIVAL DATA BY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND ITERATIVELY WEIGHTED KALMAN FILTER SMOOTHING WITH COMPARISON
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Survival analysis is widely applied in data describing for the life time of item until the occurrence of an event of interest such as death or another event of understudy . The purpose of this paper is to use the dynamic approach in the deep learning neural network method, where in this method a dynamic neural network that suits the nature of discrete survival data and time varying effect. This neural network is based on the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm in training, and the method is called Proposed Dynamic Artificial Neural Network (PDANN). Then a comparison was made with another method that depends entirely on the Bayes methodology is called Maximum A Posterior (MAP) method. This method was carried out using numerical algorithms re

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Solving Resource Allocation Model by Using Dynamic Optimization Technique for Al-Raji Group Companies for Soft Drinks and Juices
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In this paper, the problem of resource allocation at Al-Raji Company for soft drinks and juices was studied. The company produces several types of tasks to produce juices and soft drinks, which need machines to accomplish these tasks, as it has 6 machines that want to allocate to 4 different tasks to accomplish these tasks. The machines assigned to each task are subject to failure, as these machines are repaired to participate again in the production process. From past records of the company, the probability of failure machines at each task was calculated depending on company data information. Also, the time required for each machine to complete each task was recorded. The aim of this paper is to determine the minimum expected ti

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparing Between Shrinkage &Maximum likelihood Method For Estimation Parameters &Reliability Function With 3- Parameter Weibull Distribution By Using Simulation
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The 3-parameter Weibull distribution is used as a model for failure since this distribution is proper when the failure rate somewhat high in starting operation and these rates will be decreased with increasing time .

In practical side a comparison was made between (Shrinkage and Maximum likelihood) Estimators for parameter and reliability function using simulation , we conclude that the Shrinkage estimators for parameters are better than maximum likelihood estimators but the maximum likelihood estimator for reliability function is the better using statistical measures (MAPE)and (MSE) and for different sample sizes.

Note:- ns : small sample ; nm=median sample

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Project Scheduling By using Goals Programming – An Applied Research In Modern Village Project (Residential Building Aspectin In Wasit Governorate)
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One of the most important challenges facing project management at present time is to ensure project accomplishment in spite of the specific restrictions like the specific time the financial resources specialized to do the project ; which require an accurate consideration for time and cost . the modern village project (residential building aspect) is one of the great project that ministry of agriculture is trying to do Wasit  governorate it is chosen as the work in this project is dilatory for that is being studied in term of some modern mathematical and scientific methods like critical path method (CPM)which is one of the project management and scheduling methods to know the time needed to accomplish residential building pro

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Nonlinear Analysis And Applications
Big data analysis by using one covariate at a time multiple testing (Ocmt) method: Early school dropout in iraq
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Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Jul 27 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Bone density determination for the maxilla and the mandible in different age groups by using computerized tomography (Part I)
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Background: Mini implant stability is primarily related to local bone density; no studies have evaluated bone density related to mini implant placement for orthodontic anchorage between different age groups in the maxilla and the mandible. The present research aims to evaluate side, gender, age, and regional differences in bone density of the alveolar bone at various orthodontic implant sites. Materials and method: Fifty three individuals who were divided into two groups according to their age into: group I (ages 16-20 years) and group II (ages 21-29 years) had subjected to clinical examination, then 64-multislice computed tomography scan data were evaluated and bone density was measured in Hounsfield unit at 102 points (51 in the maxilla

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