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The compound stream event of March 20-25, 2011 as measured by the STEREO B spacecraft
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Abstract<p>The interaction of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) with each other and with co-rotating interaction regions (CIR) changes their configuration, dynamics, magnetic field and plasma characteristics and can make space weather forecasting difficult. During the period of March 20–25, 2011, the Solar Terrestrial Relation Observatory (<italic>STEREO</italic> B) encountered a compound stream containing several interacting structures. Our analysis suggests that the stream consists of two ICMEs followed by an embedded ICME/CIR. The sudden appearance of the third ICME within the fast wind side of the CIR causes the proton temperature(<inline-formula><alternatives><tex-math>$T_{p} $</tex-math><math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></alternatives></inline-formula>) to drop suddenly to its lowest level in about 1.2 hours, from <inline-formula><alternatives><tex-math>$3.89 \times 10^{5}$</tex-math><math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3.89</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math></alternatives></inline-formula> K to <inline-formula><alternatives><tex-math>$1.07 \times 10^{4}$</tex-math><math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1.07</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></alternatives></inline-formula> K (by a factor of ≈36). The fast wind which follows the CIR influences not only the third ICME’s temperature but also its proton beta (<inline-formula><alternatives><tex-math>$\upbeta_{\mathrm{p}}$</tex-math><math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></alternatives></inline-formula>). In addition, the third ICME impacts the CIR through expansion and deceleration. A forward pressure wave penetrates ICME1. It’s source is either the second ICME, the merged third ICME and CIR, or it may be a remnant shock. The compression causes an increase of the <inline-formula><alternatives><tex-math>$T_{p}$</tex-math><math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><alternatives><tex-math>$\upbeta_{\mathrm{p}}$</tex-math><math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></alternatives></inline-formula> of the second and part of the first ICME. Despite the signatures of four large-scale interacting structures within the compound stream, it is difficult to reconcile the <italic>in-situ</italic> sequence with other remote sensing observations of ejecta close to the Sun because of the large system of coronal expanding loops above the active region. Compound streams therefore remain difficult to interpret, and further understanding of the subject will depend on the future study of similar events.</p>
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Wed Aug 01 2018
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Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety
Biochemical and molecular alterations in freshwater mollusks as biomarkers for petroleum product, domestic heating oil
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Thu Oct 01 2009
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Ventral penile papillae as a new anatomical structure: a clinical-epidemiological study among Iraqi males
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S Khalifa E, AR Jamal R, N Adil A, J Munqithe M…, 2009

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Wed Dec 10 2014
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Groundwater protection from lead contamination using granular dead anaerobic sludge biosorbent as permeable reactive barrier
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 30 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Using Elastic Properties as a Predictive Tool to Identify Pore-Fluid Type in Carbonate Formations
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The aim of this study is for testing the applicability of Ramamoorthy and Murphy method for identification of predominant pore fluid type, in Middle Eastern carbonate reservoir, by analyzing the dynamic elastic properties derived from the sonic log. and involving the results of Souder, for testing the same method in chalk reservoir in the North Sea region. Mishrif formation in Garraf oilfield in southern Iraq was handled in this study, utilizing a slightly-deviated well data, these data include open-hole full-set logs, where, the sonic log composed of shear and compression modes, and geologic description to check the results. The Geolog software is used to make the conventional interpretation of porosity, lithology, and saturation. Also,

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
SOLAR WATER HEATER WITH SHELL AND HELICAL COILED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AS A STORAGE TANK
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In this work an experimental study is performed to evaluate the thermal performance
of locally made closed loop solar hot water system using a shell and helical coiled tube
heat exchanger as a storage tank. Several measurements are taken include inlet and outlet
temperatures of both collectors and supply water and temperature distribution within the
storage tank. This is beside the water flow rate in both collectors and load cycle. The
main parameters of the system are obtained.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 20 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Hemato-Serological Findings as Early signals in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Treated with Benzalkonium Chloride
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To evaluate the toxicity of benzalkonium chloride in aquaculture, the hemato-serological indices of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus are used as biomarkers. Following exposure to three concentrations of benzalkonium chloride BAC 0.1, 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/l (BAC1,2,3 and 4) in aquaria for two durations 21 and 42 days, the microbiological assay in fish aquaria, in addition to blood parameters were assessed. Except for the mean difference between BAC2 and BAC3 (P > 0.05) at 42 days, the mean values of the bacterial counts revealed a significant difference between all compared groups (0.05 ≥ P ≤ 0.01). Following exposure to the lower concentrations of BAC (1, 2 and 3), the main blood parameters of Oreochromis niloticus namely red bl

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
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Highly-charged EDTA-2Na salt as a novel draw solution in pressure-retarded Osmosis process
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 01 2025
Journal Name
Construction And Building Materials
Polyalphaolefin as a potential modifying agent for hard asphalt cement: Physical, rheological, and chemical characterization
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Hard-grade asphalt binders like AC20-30 typically exhibit excessive stiffness, reduced penetration, and compromised workability, necessitating modification before use in paving applications. This study evaluates the efficacy of regular polyalphaolefin (PAO), a synthetic olefin-based lubricant, as a performance-enhancing modifying agent for such binders. AC20-30 was blended with PAO at dosages ranging from 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%, and the modified binders were characterized via penetration, ductility, softening point, and rotational viscosity measurements, alongside advanced rheological and chemical-morphological analyses. Incorporating PAO in AC20-30 asphalt progressively reduced the binder stiffness and enhanced its flexibility, with all modifie

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 14 2022
Journal Name
Chemical Papers
Nile red based dye D–π–A as a promising material for solar cell applications
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A recently reported Nile red (NR) dye conjugated with benzothiadiazole species paves the way for the development of novel organic-based sensitizers used in solar cells whose structures are susceptible to modifications. Thus, six novel NR structures were derived from two previously developed structures in laboratories. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) were used to determine the optoelectronic properties of the NR-derived moieties such as absorption spectra. Various linkers were investigated in an attempt to understand the impact of π-linkers on the optoelectronic properties. According to the findings, the presence of furan species led to the planarity of the molecule and a reduction

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 09 2024
Journal Name
Wasit Journal Of Sports Sciences
A Comparative Analytical Study of Some Biomechanical Variables and Their Relationship to The Accuracy of The Performance of The Shooting Skill of Jumping High in The Weak and Strong Foot the Players for Youth Handball
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The research aims to identify the most important variables affecting shooting from jumping high and compare them for the two foot the weak and strong, where the researchers adopted the descriptive method, and the sample was chosen by the intentional method, which consists of (4) players from the Iraqi Sports Army Club, where these variables were studied and their impact on The accuracy of aiming at the two men, and the researchers concluded that most of the players have more accuracy in aiming at the strong leg than at the weak leg, which leads to the loss of many real opportunities during the match because of the players changing the situation or wasting the available opportunity when the position of correction is an opportunity for the w

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