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Oral health awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact during COVID‐19 pandemic in the Middle East
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Abstract<sec><title>Objectives

To assess the impact of COVID‐19 on oral hygiene (OH) awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact in the Middle East.

Methods

This survey was performed by online distribution of questionnaires in three countries in the Middle East (Jordan, Iraq and Egypt). The questionnaire consisted of five sections: the first section was aimed at collecting demographic data and the rest sections used to assess OH awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, degree of fear and economic impact of COVID‐19. The answers were either multiple choice, closed‐end (Yes or No) or 5‐point Likert scale for the last four sections.

Results

A total of 3782 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, OH awareness was low (mean ±SD; 1.84 ± 1.03), while attitude towards dental treatment (5.04 ± 1.68) and economic impact (11.29 ± 4.37) were moderately affected. In addition, fear of infection showed moderately high level (14.04 ± 4.11). All subgroups of the demographic variables showed significant differences among them in relation to OH awareness and attitude towards dental treatment. The regression model suggested country, gender, age, education level, income level and fear as predictors for OH awareness (R2 0.036) and attitude towards dental care (R2 0.141).

Conclusions

The pandemic negatively impacted the level of OH awareness. However, the attitude towards dental treatment was moderately affected. Increasing public fear and compromised economy influenced OH awareness and the attitude towards dental treatment.

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: Revista Iberoamericana De Psicología Del Ejercicio Y El Deporte, , Vol. 17, Nº. 5, 2022, Págs. 319-322
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Sun Sep 30 2012
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College Of Islamic Sciences
Customary marriage and the position of Islamic law on it
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Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and the best of prayers, and the completion of the blessing of our master Muhammad Al-Hadi Al-Amin, his family and companions, the righteous and those who followed his path and guided him to the day of judgment.
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It is God's human honor that he has legalized marriage and made optimal goals and intentions for her:
1 establish a safe and reassuring life between the husband and his wife based on the tranquility and love and compassion is achieved through satisfying the instincts of the road project from the verse:  and that He created for you mates from among yourselves to find repose in them and put between you affection and mercy in this are Signs for those who reflect  ()

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Tue Dec 01 2020
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Tue Jan 01 2019
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