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Histological, Histochemical and Amino Acid Profile Study of the Cervical Esophagus in the Iraqi Pin-Tailed Sandgrouse (Pterocles alchata) and Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus)
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The avian esophagus shows structural and functional differences related to feeding habits and habitat, with mucous secretions and amino acids playing key roles in protection and metabolism. The present study aimed to comparatively investigate the histological, histochemical, and amino acid profile characteristics of the cervical esophagus in the Iraqi pin-tailed sandgrouse (Pterocles alchata) and the red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus). A total of eight adult individuals from each bird species (sandgrouse and lapwing) were collected from the Al-Samawah Desert, Al-Muthanna Province, and AlYusufiyah District, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, respectively, between October 2025 and January 2026. Histological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), and Alcian blue (AB, pH 2.5) stains. Amino acid profiles of cervical esophageal tissues were analyzed using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The histological results demonstrated that the cervical esophagus in both bird species consisted of three main layers: tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica adventitia, while the tunica submucosa and muscularis mucosae were absent. The mucosa was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium supported by a collagen-rich lamina propria. In the Iraqi pin-tailed sandgrouse, the esophageal glands were located mainly within the lamina propria, whereas in the red-wattled lapwing, they appeared as intraepithelial glands. Histochemical staining revealed strong PAS reactivity and moderate AB reactivity in the mucous secretions of both bird species, indicating the presence of neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide. The HPLC analysis identified 18 amino acids in the cervical esophageal tissues of both species. Glutamine showed the highest concentration, whereas methionine exhibited the lowest concentration in both birds. Most amino acids did not differ significantly between the two species (p > 0.05). However, glutamic acid showed a significant increase in the Iraqi pin-tailed sandgrouse compared with the red-wattled lapwing (p ≤ 0.05). The present findings suggest that the cervical esophagi of both bird species may exhibit structural and biochemical adaptations associated with feeding habits and ecological conditions

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Comparative morphological and histological study of the pecten oculi in two species of Iraqi birds (Falco tinnunculus L. and Streptopelia decaocto F.)
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Study showed structure of pecten oculi in the Kestrel Falco tinnunculus L.was
Pleated type and consisted of 17 folds which were thick. While in the Collared Dove
Streptopelia decaocto F. was Vaned type and consisted of 13 folds and it described
thin. The illustrated histological study of pecten oculi folds in the Kestrel and the
Collared Dove was composed of large number of capillaries, large blood vessels and
pigment cells which were few in Kestrel compare with the Collared Dove. The bridge
in the Kestrel and the Collared Dove pecten oculi was consisted of connective tissue,
many pigment cells, and contains on little capillaries and it linked the membrane to
the internal limiting membrane of the retina in the Kes

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 24 2021
Journal Name
Conference: The 5th International Multi-conference On Artificial Intelligence Technology (mcait 2021).
Text Encryption Based on DNA Cryptography, RNA, and Amino Acid
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To achieve safe security to transfer data from the sender to receiver, cryptography is one way that is used for such purposes. However, to increase the level of data security, DNA as a new term was introduced to cryptography. The DNA can be easily used to store and transfer the data, and it becomes an effective procedure for such aims and used to implement the computation. A new cryptography system is proposed, consisting of two phases: the encryption phase and the decryption phase. The encryption phase includes six steps, starting by converting plaintext to their equivalent ASCII values and converting them to binary values. After that, the binary values are converted to DNA characters and then converted to their equivalent complementary DN

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 16 2022
Journal Name
Methods In Molecular Biology
Fluorescent Proteins: Crystallization, Structural Determination, and Nonnatural Amino Acid Incorporation
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 15 2019
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmaceutical, Biological And Chemicalsciences
Biological Activities of Amino Acid Derivatives and their Complexes a Review
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AASAH Enass J Waheed, Shatha MH Obaid, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2019 - Cited by 5

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 02 2020
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch.
MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LIVER IN TWO IRAQI MAMMALS : WEASEL (HERPESTES JAVANICUS) AND EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL (SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS
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The results of the current study showed that the liver of H. javanicus appeared as large lobulated organ divided into six distinct lobes, that filled the cranial region and little extended to the middle region of abdominal cavity. On the other hand, liver of S. carolinensis laid against the diaphragm, occupied the cranial region of the abdominal cavity and consisted of five lobes. The liver is surrounded with a thin capsule of dense regular collagenous connective tissue and few numbers of smooth muscles fibers can be seen in the capsule that covered the squirrel liver. The liver parenchyma divided into a large number of interconnected hepatic lobules marked only by the abundant amount of connective tissue bordered the triads, and within the

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 21 2019
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archive
MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LIVER IN TWO IRAQI MAMMALS : WEASEL (HERPESTES JAVANICUS) AND EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL (SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS)
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(Received 21 May 2019, Revised 30 September 2019, Accepted 21 October 2019)ABSTRACT : The results of the current study showed that the liver of H. javanicus appeared as large lobulated organ dividedinto six distinct lobes, that filled the cranial region and little extended to the middle region of abdominal cavity. On the otherhand, liver of S. carolinensis laid against the diaphragm, occupied the cranial region of the abdominal cavity and consisted of fivelobes. The liver is surrounded with a thin capsule of dense regular collagenous connective tissue and few numbers of smoothmuscles fibers can be seen in the capsule that covered the squirrel liver. The liver parenchyma divided into a large number ofinterconnected hepatic lobules marked

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 14 2024
Journal Name
Al-anbar Journal Of Veterinary Sciences
Prenatal Histomorphological and Histochemical Study of Stomach in Indigenous Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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The present study was designed to investigate the normal histological features of the stomach at the prenatal stage from ten healthy pregnant rabbits at the third period of pregnancy. The stomach appeared as J-shaped situated at the left part of the abdominal cavity. It found in the front part entirely within the rib. The non-glandular region act as a reservoir, the septa prevented ingesta reflux into the esophagus. Histologically the stomach in both periods composed of four tunics', which were mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The stomach also has different regions cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions, glands in the cardiac region were coiled branched tubular gland and almost present of the mucous cells

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 25 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
EFFECTS OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION AND SPRAYING WITH SALICYLIC ACID AND AMINO ACIDS ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL POTATOES
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This experiment was carried out at a private field in the eastern Radwaniyah Baghdad for the fall season 2020/2021 and spring 2021 to study the effects of adding mineral fertilizers, spraying salicylic acid and amino acids on some growth traits and yield of industrial potato plants. 200 kg N h-1 , 100 kg P2O5 h-1, 100 kg K2O h-1 and F2 consist of 275 kg N h-1, 180 kg P2O5 h-1, 200 K2O h-1 and F3 consist of 350 kg N h-1, 360 kg P2O5 h-1, 300 K2O h-1 and salicylic acid in three concentrations of 0,50 and 100 mg L-1 ( S1, S2, S3) and amino acids in three concentrations of 0, 1.25 and 2.5 ml L-1 ( A1, A2 , A3) It was carried out as a factorial split plot experiment, where the fertilizer levels (F1, F2 and F3) are in the main plot and th

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Levels of Serum Lipid profile and Kidney Function Tests in Iraqi Hypertensive Patients: Duration Effect Study
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Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, which causes serious health problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the lipid profile levels in sera of Iraqi hypertensive patients by measuring Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and kidney function levels by measuring uric acid, urea and creatinine. Seventy five individuals of Iraqi adults (Males) were divided into three groups: 25 hypertensive patients with duration of disease (1-10) year (group 1), 25 hypertensive patients with duration of disease (11-30) year (group 2) and 25 normal individuals as control group (group3). The findings indicate that serum (TC, TG and LDL) levels were significantly elevated (

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
Influence of chemical fertilizers and foliar spraying with humic acid in growth and yield of red cabbage
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