Objective. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a nociplastic pain condition characterised by widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and multisystem involvement. Increasing evidence implicates the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) as a potential contributor to its complex pathophysiology. This scoping review maps contemporary evidence (2020–2026) on MGBA alterations in FM across microbial, metabolic, neuroimmune and translational dimensions. Methods. This review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, as refined by Levac et al. and the Joanna Briggs Institute, and reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus identified studies published between January 2020 and March 2026. Eligible studies included primary clinical, translational and preclinical investigations evaluating microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, intestinal permeability, neuroimmune signalling, or microbiome-targeted interventions in FM. Narrative and systematic reviews were used only to contextualise findings and were not counted among the included studies. Results. Of 1,365 records identified, 39 studies were included in the final synthesis. Across studies, findings were heterogeneous but most frequently described alterations in gut microbiota composition, including reduced diversity and depletion of butyrate-producing taxa such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, along with shifts in Bifidobacterium and Prevotella. Key metabolic perturbations encompassed reduced short-chain fatty acid production and dysregulated tryptophan metabolism. Increased intestinal permeability and activation of neuroimmune pathways were additionally documented. Microbiota profiles were associated with clinically relevant outcomes including pain intensity, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. Interventional evidence remains limited but suggests emerging therapeutic potential. Conclusion. The MGBA represents a biologically plausible and integrative framework for FM, linking peripheral and central mechanisms. Current evidence remains heterogeneous and largely associative. Future research should prioritise longitudinal, mechanistically driven studies to advance microbiome-informed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. © Copyright CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY 2026.
The presence of deposition in the river decreases the river flow capability's efficiency due to the absence of maintenance along the river. In This research, a new formula to evaluate the sediment capacity in the upstream part of Al-Gharraf River will be developed. The current study reach lies in Wasit province with a distance equal to 58 km. The selected reach of the river was divided into thirteen stations. At each station, the suspended load and the bedload were collected from the river during a sampling period extended from February 2019 till July 2019. The samples were examined in the laboratory with a different set of sample tests. The formula was developed using data of ten stations, and the other three s
... Show MoreThe issue of intellectual capital is a critical issue in the success and excellence of organizations, especially if it is linked to the management of customer experience, and because of the characteristic of the Iraqi environment, which affected all sectors, including the banking sector, it was important to discuss the types of intellectual capital and its relationship to the management of customer experience, especially when managers private banks, the importance of research lies in the linking of its variables to build the strategic capabilities of banks to achieve excellence and sustainability, it aims to diagnose the extent of interest in the types of intellectual capital and management of customer experience in the Iraqi ban
... Show MoreThe current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a computerized program in developing mathematical skills among the first cycle students in basic education schools in the Sultanate of Oman. The two researchers used the quasi-experimental approach on an intentional sample consisting of (40) male and female students at Al Kawakeb School for Basic Education (1-4). Two of the basic fourth-grade classes and then randomly distributing them into two groups, one is experimental (20) male and female students who followed the computerized interactive program, and the other is (20) male and female students followed the traditional way. On the other hand, its reliability has reached (0.81), and the results of the research have concluded th
... Show MoreThe study focuses on the problem that Iraq is approaching an increasing rate of literacy;the available data refers to a rate of (18% -19%). In addition to the fact that the generalcurrent role of the programs directed to literacy is not actually effective enough to limit the expansion of this rate.
The importance of this study highlights the fact that the Iraqi universities are an important tributary among the tributaries of human development, especially in spreading the education of the voluntary work in literacy field and confirming the connection between the students and their society and their role in solving one of the prominent challenges that face the development, i.e., literacy.
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... Show MoreThe study aimed to reveal the extent of the first intermediate grade science curriculum focus on the national values, health, environmental, economic values, in the light of the education policy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to present a proposed vision to strengthen it in the science curriculum for the first intermediate grade. The study was applied to the two books student and the two books of activity on the first-second semesters for the academic year 1441 AH. To analyze the curriculum content, the study used a verified card prepared by the researchers and a criterion for interpreting percentages. The study reached the following results: environmental values ranked first with a concentration of (43%), i.e. with an avera
... Show MoreThis study aimed to identify the role of servant leadership in promoting organizational citizenship behaviors in a sample of faculties of the University of Alqadisiya .It tried to answer several questions represented its problem.
The most important questions are the followings:
1- Is there enough perception among administrative leaders in the aforementioned faculties toward the concept of servant leadership? And under what level? &
... Show MoreThe current research aims to recognize the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure of the test-wiseness scale on a sample of Hama University students, using the descriptive method. Thus, the sample consists of (472) male and female students from the faculties of the University of Hama. Besides, Abu Hashem’s 50 item test-wiseness scale (2008) has been used. The validity and reliability of the items of the scale have also been verified, and six items have been deleted accordingly. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the first degree have shown the presence of the following five acceptable factors: (exam preparation, test time management, question paper handling, answer sheet handling, and revision). Moreover,
... Show MoreThe erythrocyte aggregation is an important physiological phenomenon in the circulation of blood. It is a basic characteristic of normal blood that plays a major role in the cardiovascular system, especially in the microcirculation. This study explained the kinetics of single cells rouleaux formation one- dimensional aggregate and three- dimensional aggregate, during simultaneous, and the effect of hematocrit on the process of aggregation and sedimentation. The present study was done on forty one healthy subjects. Laser light is passed through a well mixed sample of blood and the forward scattered light intensities recorded continuously. The samples were prepared with different hematocrit, (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). Increasing
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