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A review of ultra-high temperature materials for thermal protection system
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Abstract<p>Ultra-High Temperature Materials (UHTMs) are at the base of entire aerospace industry; these high stable materials at temperatures exceeding 1600 °C are used to manage the heat shielding to protect vehicles and probes during the hypersonic flight through reentry trajectory against aerodynamic heating and reducing plasma surface interaction. Those materials are also recognized as Thermal Protection System Materials (TPSMs). The structural materials used during the high-temperature oxidizing environment are mainly limited to SiC, oxide ceramics, and composites. In addition to that, silicon-based ceramic has a maximum-use at 1700 °C approximately; as it is an active oxidation process over low temperature and water vapor environment condition. However, a great emphasis is required for developing structural materials in oxidation and rapid heating environment where the temperature is greater than 1700 °C. This review covers briefly all main types of Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs) and all the materials are used to fabricate them with the maximum operational temperatures. Also, it covers the promised UHTMs (SiC, ZrB<sub>2</sub>, HfB<sub>2</sub>, SiB<sub>6</sub> and B<sub>4</sub>C) which are currently using for several aerospace applications, especially for TPS. Besides, it discusses the oxidation of SiC, B<sub>4</sub>C, SiB<sub>6</sub>, ZrB<sub>2</sub> and HfB<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, the carbides and borides of the transition metals, Zr and Hf have a high-melting temperature and good stability in forming high-melting temperature oxides.</p>
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Publication Date
Thu Aug 13 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Imaging
On Computational Aspects of Krawtchouk Polynomials for High Orders
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Discrete Krawtchouk polynomials are widely utilized in different fields for their remarkable characteristics, specifically, the localization property. Discrete orthogonal moments are utilized as a feature descriptor for images and video frames in computer vision applications. In this paper, we present a new method for computing discrete Krawtchouk polynomial coefficients swiftly and efficiently. The presented method proposes a new initial value that does not tend to be zero as the polynomial size increases. In addition, a combination of the existing recurrence relations is presented which are in the n- and x-directions. The utilized recurrence relations are developed to reduce the computational cost. The proposed method computes app

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 29 2020
Journal Name
The 11th International Renewable Energy Congress (irec 2020)
Thermal efficiency Optimization of the evacuated tube solar water heater system by using mirror flat reflector
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In this paper a comparison of the experimental of evacuated tube solar water heater systems with and without mirror flat reflector. The aim of using the reflector to improve thermal efficiency, and the data gathered which are (temperature, solar irradiation and time) for three days were compared. the results from compared data the temperature lower increase in evacuated tube solar water heater system without reflector than the temperature increase in evacuated tube solar water heater system with reflector .The results show (53, 39, 35) % for three days respectively that the evacuated tube solar water heater system with reflector has higher thermal efficiencies than the results (47, 28, 30) % for three days respectively thermal efficiencies

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Solar Energy
Efficient thermal management of the photovoltaic/phase change material system with innovative exterior metal-foam layer
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Optimization of Drilling Well Design: A Review
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Drilling well design optimization reduces total Authorization for Expenditures (AFE) by decreasing well constructing time and expense. Well design is not a constant pattern during the life cycle of the field. It should be optimized by continuous improvements for all aspects of redesigning the well depending on the actual field conditions and problems. The core objective of this study is to deliver a general review of the well design optimization processes and the available studies and applications to employ the well design optimization to solve problems encountered with well design so that cost effectiveness and perfect drilling well performance are achievable. Well design optimization processes include unconventional design(slimhole) co

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 02 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Trimethoprim: A Review
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In this research, we highlight the most important research related to the mixed ligand complexes of the drug trimethoprim (TMP), and for the past 7 years where this drug has been used as a chelating ligand and gives stability to the complexes with ions of metal elements where these complexes, prepared and diagnosed, and for some research the bacterial activity was studied against different types of bacteria.

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 25 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Trimethoprim: A Review
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In this research, we highlight the most important research related to the mixed ligand complexes of the drug trimethoprim (TMP), and for the past 7 years where this drug has been used as a chelating ligand and gives stability to the complexes with ions of metal elements where these complexes, prepared and diagnosed, and for some research the bacterial activity was studied against different types of bacteria

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2022
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Primary Productivity of Iraqi lakes: A Review
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Abstract<p>Lentic ecosystems are important for fish production and are a critical habitat for waterfowl and numerous migratory birds. In this study we have gathered data on primary productivity of lakes across Iraq to provide updated information to strategize conservation and management. Tigris and Euphrates rivers are the primary sources of filling up major lakes in Iraq the overall assessment shows that the primary productivity is dependent on the algal composition and environmental factors with coincident role of macrophytes. An average of 37 to 637 mg carbon/m<sup>3</sup>/day of primary productivity was calculated for most of the lakes comprised of Bacillariophyceae and followed by</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Review of Interface Bonding Testing Techniques
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Interface bonding between asphalt layers has been a topic of international investigation over the last thirty years. In this condition, a number of researchers have made their own techniques and used them to examine the characteristics of pavement interfaces. It is obvious that test findings won't always be comparable to the lack of a globally standard methodology for interface bonding. Also, several kinds of research have shown that factors like temperature, loading conditions, materials, and others have an impact on surface qualities. This study aims to solve this problem by thoroughly investigating interface bond testing that might serve as a basis for a uniform strategy. First, a general explanation of how

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Review of Interface Bonding Testing Techniques
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Interface bonding between asphalt layers has been a topic of international investigation over the last thirty years. In this condition, a number of researchers have made their own techniques and used them to examine the characteristics of pavement interfaces. It is obvious that test findings won't always be comparable to the lack of a globally standard methodology for interface bonding. Also, several kinds of research have shown that factors like temperature, loading conditions, materials, and others have an impact on surface qualities. This study aims to solve this problem by thoroughly investigating interface bond testing that might serve as a basis for a uniform strategy. First, a general explanation of how the bonding strength

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Electrical And Computer Engineering (ijece)
Design of an adaptive state feedback controller for a magnetic levitation system
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This paper presents designing an adaptive state feedback controller (ASFC) for a magnetic levitation system (MLS), which is an unstable system and has high nonlinearity and represents a challenging control problem. First, a nonadaptive state feedback controller (SFC) is designed by linearization about a selected equilibrium point and designing a SFC by pole-placement method to achieve maximum overshoot of 1.5% and settling time of 1s (5% criterion). When the operating point changes, the designed controller can no longer achieve the design specifications, since it is designed based on a linearization about a different operating point. This gives rise to utilizing the adaptive control scheme to parameterize the state feedback controll

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