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A review of ultra-high temperature materials for thermal protection system
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Abstract<p>Ultra-High Temperature Materials (UHTMs) are at the base of entire aerospace industry; these high stable materials at temperatures exceeding 1600 °C are used to manage the heat shielding to protect vehicles and probes during the hypersonic flight through reentry trajectory against aerodynamic heating and reducing plasma surface interaction. Those materials are also recognized as Thermal Protection System Materials (TPSMs). The structural materials used during the high-temperature oxidizing environment are mainly limited to SiC, oxide ceramics, and composites. In addition to that, silicon-based ceramic has a maximum-use at 1700 °C approximately; as it is an active oxidation process over low temperature and water vapor environment condition. However, a great emphasis is required for developing structural materials in oxidation and rapid heating environment where the temperature is greater than 1700 °C. This review covers briefly all main types of Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs) and all the materials are used to fabricate them with the maximum operational temperatures. Also, it covers the promised UHTMs (SiC, ZrB<sub>2</sub>, HfB<sub>2</sub>, SiB<sub>6</sub> and B<sub>4</sub>C) which are currently using for several aerospace applications, especially for TPS. Besides, it discusses the oxidation of SiC, B<sub>4</sub>C, SiB<sub>6</sub>, ZrB<sub>2</sub> and HfB<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, the carbides and borides of the transition metals, Zr and Hf have a high-melting temperature and good stability in forming high-melting temperature oxides.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Potential Benefits of Ethanol extract of Anredera cordifolia for Antiobesity of High Fat diet-Induced Obesity in White Male Rat Wistar
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Obesity-related deaths continue to rise, and thus losing weight in overweight and obese patients is critical to prevent complications. Anredera cordifolia (Ten,) Steenis, species of succulent plant of the genus Basellaceae, is widely used in herbal medicine to decrease body weight. This study evaluated the potential benefits of Anredera cordifolia ethanol extract to reduce body weight in high-fat diet-induced obesity rat model. This was an experimental with post-test only control group design study involving 36 obese rats. They were divided into two groups: three control groups (K1, K2, K3) and three treatment groups (P1, P2, P3). All the groups were induced with high-fat diet, except K1 control group that received a standard di

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
''The use of factor analysis to identify the leading factors to high blood pressure.''A field study in Baghdad hospitals
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Abstract :

    In view of the fact that high blood pressure is one of the serious human diseases that a person can get without having to feel them, which is caused by many reasons therefore it became necessary to do research in this subject and to express these many factors by specific causes through studying it using (factor analysis).

  So the researcher got to the five factors that explains only 71% of the total variation in this phenomenon is the subject of the research, where ((overweight)) and ((alcohol in abundance)) and ((smoking)) and ((lack of exercise)) are the reasons that influential the most in the incidence of this disease.

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 09 2022
Journal Name
Chemical Methodologies
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Analysis of Cr(III), Mn(II) and Zn(II)Complexes of a New Acidicazo Ligand
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The researchers wanted to make a novel azo imidazole as a follow-up to their previous work. We focused on the ligand 4-[(2-amino-4-phenylazo)- methyl]-cyclohexane carboxylic acid as a derivative of trans-4- (aminomethyl) cyclohexane carboxylic acid diazonium salt, synthesized a series of its chelate complexes with metal ions, and characterized these compounds using a variety techniques, including elemental analysis, FTIR, LC-Mass, NMR and UV-Vis spectral process as well TGA, conductivity and magnetic quantifications. Analytical data showed that the Cr(III), Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes out to 1:1 metal-ligand ratio with octahedral geometry except Mn complex has tetrahedral geometry.

Publication Date
Tue May 13 2025
Journal Name
Energies
Thermal and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of a Semi-Circular Solar Air Collector Utilizing an Innovative Configuration of Metal Foams
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The enhancement of the thermal and thermo-hydraulic performance of a semi-circular solar air collector (SCSAC) is numerically investigated using porous semi-circular obstacles made of metal foam with and without longitudinal porous Y-shaped fins. Two 10 and 40 PPI porous material samples are examined. Three-dimensional models are built to simulate the performance of SCSAC: model (I) with clear air passage; model (II) with only metal foam obstacles, and model (III) with metal foam obstacles as well as porous Y-fins. COMSOL Multiphysics software version 6.2 based on finite element methodology is employed. A conjugate heat transfer with a (k-ε) turbulence model is selected to simulate both heat transfer and fluid flow across the entir

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Analytical Study for the Ability of Some Polymers to Gain Transitional Elements Ionsions in Different Temperature, PH Acidity Functional and Time Situations
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The compound [K1] was synthesized from the reaction of dichloromethane with linear alkyl benzene (Lab9) using ethanol as a solvent, and from(chloro methyl)-4-nonylbenzene) [K1] it was possible to synthesize the compound Z(4-(nonan-3-yl)phenyl) methane amine) [K2] containing the amine group by synthesized from [K2] reaction with appropriate phenolic aldehydes and using Ethanol as a solvent in the preparation of vinyl chloride4-(((4-nonylbenzyl)imino)methyl)phenol-4-(((4-nonylbenzyl)imino methyl)benzene-1,3diol) [K3-K4] bases has been used. Preparation of a number of Phenolic polymers4-(2- hydroxy-3.5-dimethylbenzyl)-2-methyl-6-(((4-4-(2hyroxy-3, 5-dimethylbenzyl)-2-methyl-6(((4 nonylbenzyl) imino) methyl) benzene-phenolnonylbenzyl) imino) me

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effect of Recirculation Ratio on the Uniformity Flow in a High Area Ratio of Outlets Pipe at Different Entrance flow rates
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The uniform flow distrbiution in the multi-outlets pipe highly depends on the several parameters act togather. Therefor, there is no general method to achieve this goal. The  goal of this study is to investigate the proposed approach that can provide significant relief of the maldistribution. The method is based on re-circulating portion of flow from the end of the header to reduce pressure at this region . The physical model consists of main manifold with uniform longitudinal section having diameter of 152.4 mm (6 in), five laterals with diameter of 76.2 mm (3 in), and spacing of 300 mm. At first, The experiment is carried out with conventional manifold, which is a closed-end. Then, small amount of water is allowed

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design and Implementation ofICT-Based Recycle-Rewarding System for Green Environment
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This paper proposes a collaborative system called Recycle Rewarding System (RRS), and focuses on the aspect of using information communication technology (ICT) as a tool to promote greening. The idea behind RRS is to encourage recycling collectors by paying them for earning points. In doing so, both the industries and individuals reap the economical benefits of such system. Finally, and more importantly, the system intends to achieve a green environment for the Earth. This paper discusses the design and implementation of the RRS, involves: the architectural design, selection of components, and implementation issues. Five modules are used to construct the system, namely: database, data entry, points collecting and recording, points reward

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Computers, Materials &amp; Continua
Severity Based Light-Weight Encryption Model for Secure Medical Information System
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 03 2023
Journal Name
Karbala International Journal Of Modern Science
Performance Estimation and System Modeling for Refractive Index Structure Constant Cn2
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Wireless Network Control System for Electro Stati Precipitator in Cement Plants
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    Wireless control networks (WCNs), based on distributed control systems of wireless sensor and actuator networks, integrate four technologies: control, computer network and wireless communications. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in cement plants reduces the emissions from rotary kiln by 99.8% approximately. It is an important thing to change the existing systems (wireline) to wireless because of dusty and hazardous environments. In this paper, we designed a wireless control system for ESP using Truetime 2 beta 6 simulator, depending on the mathematical model that have been built using identification toolbox of Matlab v7.1.1. We also study the effect ofusing wireless network on performance and stability of the closed l

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