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Publication Date
Sun Apr 27 2025
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Volume
8
Issue Number
2
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CD40 Gene Variants and Disease Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Review of Associations with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Cancer, and Infectious Diseases
CD40
Case control
Immune disease
Polymorphism
Aisha Muthanna Shanshal
Samer Imad Mohammed
Bassam Francis Matti
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CD40 is a type 1 transmembrane protein composed of 277 amino acids, and it belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. It is expressed in a variety of cell types, including normal B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells, as a costimulatory molecule. This study aims to summarize the CD40 polymorphism effect and its susceptibility to immune-related disorders. The CD40 gene polymorphisms showed a significant association with different immune-related disorders and act as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to these diseases.

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With the advent of technology
the fear of losing control has consistently accompanied humanity. While humans have discovered
invented
and created many remarkable things
they have also been haunted by the possibility of their creations turning against them. This fear
often referred to as the Frankenstein Complex
derives its name from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (􀀔􀀛􀀔􀀛)
in which Dr. Frankenstein's creation ultimately destroys its maker. The Frankenstein Complex embodies the subconscious fear of artificial intelligence (AI) surpassing and potentially dominating humankind. This apprehension has inspired numerous literary works
including Daniel H. Wilson’s novels. The present study examines the widespread fear of AI
which has fueled conspiracy theories in literature. These theories have not only amplified public anxiety but also hindered understanding among those with limited knowledge of AI and robotics. Dr. Wilson
a robotics expert
uses his imagination as a driving force for both his writing and his inventions. The research focuses on incidents leading to the rise of robots
the concept of the New War
how it was fought
and how it concluded. By comparing
contrasting
and analyzing literary elements and devices with prominent conspiracy theories
the study highlights the interplay between fiction and scientific development. The researchers conclude that while many conspiracy theories contain elements of truth
they often inspire scientists to explore them further. Additionally
some conspiracy theories warrant serious consideration. The study recommends acknowledging the Frankenstein Complex while maintaining faith in the potential benefits of artificial intelligence.
Ansam
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