In many oil-recovery systems, relative permeabilities (kr) are essential flow factors that affect fluid dispersion and output from petroleum resources. Traditionally, taking rock samples from the reservoir and performing suitable laboratory studies is required to get these crucial reservoir properties. Despite the fact that kr is a function of fluid saturation, it is now well established that pore shape and distribution, absolute permeability, wettability, interfacial tension (IFT), and saturation history all influence kr values. These rock/fluid characteristics vary greatly from one reservoir region to the next, and it would be impossible to make kr measurements in all of them. The unsteady-state approach was used to calculate the relat

In the present study, nanoporous material type MCM-41 was prepared by the sol-gel technique and was used as a carrier for prednisolone (PRD) drug delivery. The structural properties of mesoporous were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption /desorption and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The mass transfer in term of adsorption process (loading) and desorption process (releasing) properties were investigated. The maximum drug loading efficiency was equal to 38% and 47.5% at different concentrations. The PRD released was prudently studied in water media of pH 6.8 simulated body fluid (SBF) in according to "United State Pharmacopeia (USP38)". The results proved that the release of prednisolone from MCM-41

It is well known that petroleum refineries are considered the largest generator of oily sludge which may cause serious threats to the environment if disposed of without treatment. Throughout the present research, it can be said that a hybrid process including ultrasonic treatment coupled with froth floatation has been shown as a green efficient treatment of oily sludge waste from the bottom of crude oil tanks in Al-Daura refinery and able to get high yield of base oil recovery which is 65% at the optimum operating conditions (treatment time = 30 min, ultrasonic wave amplitude = 60 micron, and (solvent: oily sludge) ratio = 4). Experimental results showed that 83% of the solvent used was recovered meanwhile the main water

To evaluate the bioactivity and the cytocompatibility of experimental Bioglass-reinforced polyethylene-based root-canal filling materials. The thermal properties of the experimental materials were also evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry, while their radiopacity was assessed using a grey-scale value (GSV) aluminium step wedge and a phosphor plate digital system. Bioglass 45S5 (BAG), polyethylene and Strontium oxide (SrO) were used to create tailored composite fibres. The filler distribution within the composites was assessed using SEM, while their bioactivity was evaluated through infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after storage in simulated body fluid (SBF). The radiopacity of the composite fibres and their thermal properties were

Experiments were conducted to study the behavior of the solid particles (proppant) inside the hydraulic fracture during the formation stimulation, and study the effect of the proppant concentration on the hydraulic fracturing process, which lead to bridge and screen-out conditions inside the fractures across the fracture width that restricts fracturing fluid to flow into the hydraulic fracture. The research also studies the effect of the ratio between the fracture size and the average particles diameter “proppant", on fracture bridging. In this study two ratios were considered β= 2 and 3 ,where β=D_t / D_p where: D_t= hydraulic fracture size (width) and Dp=Average particles diameter.

This work pr

When a vehicle is left parked in the sun for an extended period, the gathered heat causes damage to several interiors within the cabin and causes discomfort for people and animals left inside the car. In the present work, the effect of the orientation of a parked white minibus on temperature distribution and cooling load calculation is studied experimentally in an open environment. Two different cases were studied facing south and facing east. For several hours, the temperature inside the car cabin had been monitored and measured at five separate locations. The cooling load calculations are carried out based on the experimental measurements. The results show that the overheating of parked cars always happens as a result

Quantum dots (QDs) can be defined as nanoparticles (NPs) in which the movement of charge carriers is restricted in all directions. CdTe QDs are one of the most important semiconducting crystals among other various types where it has a direct energy gap of about 1.53 eV. The aim of this study is to exaine the optical and structural properties of the 3MPA capped CdTe QDs. The preparation method was based on the work of Ncapayi et al. for preparing 3MPA CdTe QDs, and hen, the same way was treated as by Ahmed et al. via hydrothermal method by using an autoclave at the same temperature but at a different reaction time. The direct optical energy gap of CdTe QDs is between 2.29 eV and 2.50 eV. The FTIR results confirmed the covalent bonding betwee