This study addresses quantum computers as one of the most significant contemporary technological transformations that promise to reshape the future of global computing. It aims to clarify the conceptual foundations of quantum computing and to identify the fundamental differences between quantum and classical computers in terms of processing mechanisms, computational speed, and the ability to solve highly complex problems. The study focuses on key concepts such as the qubit, superposition, and entanglement, highlighting their role in enabling computational capabilities that exceed the limits of classical computing. It also discusses the future applications of quantum computers in areas such as cryptography, artificial intelligence, big data

In this work, solid random gain media were fabricated from laser dye solutions containing nanoparticles as scattering centers. Two different rhodamine dyes (123 and 6G) were used to host the highly-pure titanium dioxide nanoparticles to form the random gain media. The spectroscopic characteristics (mainly fluorescence) of these media were determined and studied. These random gain media showed laser emission in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. Fluorescence characteristics can be controlled to few nanometers by adjusting the characteristics of the host and nanoparticles as well as the preparation conditions of the samples. Emission of narrow linewidth (3nm) and high intensity in the visible region (533-537nm) was obtained.

Quantum calculations on the most stable structure were carried
out for calculating the electronic properties, energies and the charge
density at the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms by Semi-empirical
method (PM3) of zigzag carbon nano tube CNT (9,0) (SWCNTs), at
the equilibrium geometry depending on the pictures of Zigzag
CNT(9,0) which was found to has D3d symmetry point group by
applying for (Gaussian 2003) program. In this work the results
include calculation the relation for axial bonds length, which are the
vertical C-C bonds (annular bonds) in the rings and bonds length
which are in the outer ring that called the circumferential bonds. Also
include a different kind of vibration modes like breathing, puckering

Semiconductor laser is used in processing many issues related to the scientific, military, medical, industrial and agricultural fields due to its unique properties such as coherence and high strength where GaN-based components are the most efficient in this field. Current technological developments mention to the strong connection of GaN with sustainable electronic and optoelectronic devices which have high-efficiency. The threshold current density of Al0.1Ga0.9N/GaN triple quantum well laser structure was investigated to determine best values of the parameters affecting the threshold current density that are well width, average thickness of active region, cavity length, reflectivity of cavity mirrors and optical confinement factor. The opt

In this work we investigate and calculate theoretically the variation in a number of optoelectronic properties of AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wire laser, with emphasis on the effect of wire radius on the confinement factor, density of states and gain factor have been calculated. It is found that there exist a critical wire radius (rc) under which the confinement of carriers are very weak. Whereas, above rc the confinement factor and hence the gain increase with increasing the wire radius.

The selection and assessment of single-photon detection modules is a crucial problem in satellite-based QKD systems. The system's overall efficiency, secure key rate and quantum bit error rate are all significantly influenced by single-photon detection modules. There is a knowledge gap about the practical performance of commercially available single-photon detectors because existing research frequently relies on theoretical characteristics. This paper introduces a study on the effect of the parameters of three commercial single photon detection modules from ID Quantique company: ID Qube, ID100, and ID281 on certain Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol parameters such as secure key rate, mean photon number per pulse, quantum bit error rate

The CdS quantum dots were prepared by chemical reaction
of cadmium oleylamine (Cd –oleylamine complex) with the
sulfite-oleylamine (S-oleylamine) with 1:6 mole ratios. The
optical properties structure and spectroscopy of the product
quantum dot were studied. The results show the dependence of the
optical properties on the crystal dimension and the formation of
the trap states in the energy band gap.

A field experiment was carried out in Horticulture Department / Collage of Agricultur e/University of Baghdad to study influence of adding ascorbic acid(asa) and bread yeast extract in snap bean cv.primel under irrigation with saline water using sodium chloride salt (NaCl) during spr ing season of 2016 .A factorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design( RCBD) with three replications wereconducted . The first factor includes three treatments of salinity which were tap water ( S0), 4ds.m-1(S1) and 8ds.m-1 (S2) . The second factor includes three treatments which were control treatment without any adding (C) ,ascorbic acid 0.3g.l-1( A ) and yeast extract 12g.l -1( Y ). Results showed significant and gradually decreases in all studie

In this study, derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafted with phthalic anhydride (PhA) and dyes were prepared to produce polymeric materials of PVA-g-PhA, PVA-g-PhA-anthocyanin, PVA-g-PhA-bromophenol blue, and PVA-g-PhAthymol blue. The materials were characterised by FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopies. The crystallinity of the polymers was evaluated with powder X-ray difraction, and the thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthetic procedure for the polymeric materials entailed the formation of esters. The FTIR spectra of the polymers confrmed their formation since the ester carbonyl group stretch was observed at approximately 1691–1716  cm−1 in each material. NMR spectroscopy confrmed the addition of t