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CONCENTRATIONS OF SILYMARIN ON THE RUMEN ACTIVITIES IN LAMBS
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Silymarin is derived from the milk thistle plant, and possesses numerous pharmacological actions, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The aim of the study was to the determination of influence different concentrations of Silymarin on the rumen performance in 30 local lambs (divided into three groups of 10 lambs each). In the first and second groups, 420 and 210 mg kg-1 of silymarin were administered for 8 weeks, and the third group was the control, which received normal saline solution. The parameters evaluated included the level of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and pH in the rumen. Furthermore, the in vitro digestibility of ash, protein, fat and dry matter was investigated. These parameters were examined fortnightly, for eight weeks. The results showed that the level of volatile fatty acids and pH increased in the rumen in G1 and G2 compared to the control group, while the level of ammonia decreased in the rumen in G1 and G2 when compared to G3 (p<0.05). Silymarin increased the in vitro digestibility of crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF) and crude dry matter (CDM) in the rumen of lambs. These results indicate that silymarin can improve the digestibility of nutrient elements in the lamb rumen. Keywords: ammonia; digestibility; crude ash; crude protein; crude fat.   Concentrações de silimarina nas atividades ruminais de cordeiros   RESUMO: A silimarina é derivada da planta do cardo mariano e possui inúmeras ações farmacológicas, incluindo propriedades hepatoprotetoras, anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes e anticancerígenas. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a influência de diferentes concentrações de silimarina no desempenho ruminal de 30 cordeiros locais, divididos em três grupos (de 10 cordeiros cada). No primeiro e segundo grupo foi administrado 420 e 210 mg kg-1 de silimarina durante 8 semanas, e, o terceiro grupo foi o controle, que recebeu solução salina normal. Os parâmetros avaliados incluíram o nível de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGVs), amônia e pH no rúmen. Além disso, investigou-se a digestibilidade in vitro de cinzas, proteínas, gorduras e matéria seca. Esses parâmetros foram examinados quinzenalmente, durante oito semanas. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de ácidos graxos voláteis e pH aumentaram no rúmen em G1 e G2, em comparação com o grupo controle, enquanto, o nível de amônia diminuiu no rúmen em G1 e G2 quando comparado com G3 (p<0,05). A silimarina aumentou a digestibilidade in vitro da cinza bruta (CA), proteína bruta (PB), gordura bruta (CF) e matéria seca bruta (CDM) no rúmen dos cordeiros. Esses resultados indicam que silimarina pode melhorar a digestibilidade dos elementos nutrientes no rúmen do cordeiro. Palavras-chave: amônia; digestibilidade; cinza bruta; proteína bruta; gordura bruta.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 20 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Development Accounting Rule disclosure by accounting policies in the light of Islamic and electronic banking Activities (Proposal pattern): Proposal pattern
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the bank sect for any country  is very important  because  its represent a major  nerve   to feed a verity economic and finance activities .development any state measure by development  banking  sets and its represent  important  factor to investors attract . and because  important  of this subject ,teen accounting rule is a specialized for it .its related by  Disclosures in the Financial Statements Of Banks and The Similar Institutions, its accredit  by auditing and accounting standard  consul in republic of Iraq.in date 10/28/1998.                      &

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Plant And Archeaf
EFFECT OF SPRAYING IRON AND ZINC CONCENTRATIONS IN GRAIN AND LEAF CONTENT FOR TWO VARIETIES OF WHEAT CROP
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EFFECT OF SPRAYING IRON AND ZINC CONCENTRATIONS IN GRAIN AND LEAF CONTENT FOR TWO VARIETIES OF WHEAT CROP

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Rationalization the costs of agricultural Activities under the use of genetic engineering: An applied research in ministry of agriculture - The directorate of inspection & certification of seeds
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The importance of this research has been to rationalize the cost of producing maize seeds through the followers of modern techniques and methods in agricultural activities such as genetic engineering for increasing production efficiency of maize seeds as well as the importance of calculating seed cost rationalization through the ABC system and thus rationalizing government spending. The research is based on one hypothesis in two ways that the use of genetic engineering on maize seeds works to: one - increase production efficiency of seeds and savings in agricultural inputs. 2. Rationalize the costs of examining and planting maize seeds. In order to calculate the costs will be based on the cost system based on activities ABC. The research

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 29 2016
Journal Name
World Journal Of Experimental Biosciences
Effect of sub-inhibitory and inhibitory concentrations of some antibiotics and rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Klebsiella pneumoniae have an ability to form biofilm as one of strategies to persist and overcome host defenses. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rosemary essential oil alone and in combination with some antibiotics against biofilm of K. pneumoniae isolated from urine. The antibiotics resistance pattern by disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim/ sulfame- thoxazole, cefotoxime and rosemary essential oil were determined. The ability to form biofilm as well as inhibition of biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae was performed. MICs 128, 0.25, 768, 64, 384 and 10 µg/ml were used. The effect of MIC and 1/2 MIC of antibiotics and rosemary essential oil

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 06 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Psychosocial Rehabilitation
A comparative study of the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart according to the energy systems of advanced players
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The study aims to identify the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart according to the energy systems of advanced players and to detect the differences between the energy systems in terms of the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart for advanced players. It was clear from the results of the significance of the differences between the three groups according to the energy systems of the advanced players in all research variables that (the non-oxygenic system "Lactic"), which represents the advanced players in the arches (800 m, 1500 m) was the first in most tests of mechanical and electrical activities of the heart, which is (Margaria-Kalamen, Wingate, systolic muscle strength of the heart FC, Stroke Volume SV

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Publication Date
Sun May 21 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts from Salvia officinalis and Salix acmophylla Used in the treatment of wound infection isolates
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    The aqueous and methanol extracts of Salvia officinals and Salix acmoplylla traditionally used for the treatment of infections disease were tested for their active  against gram positive and gram negative bacteria isolated from wound  infection culture using the broth dilution and disc diffusion melhod. Results of   this study revealed the prescence of phytochemical which were  active  against gram positive and negative bacteria. Methanol extracts of both plants showed  the highest activity other the aqueous extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extracts on the test organism was  25- 100 mg\ml,while that of the  methanol extract was ranged betwee

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 22 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Concentrations of selected elements in permanent teeth and enamel among a group of adolescent girls in relation to severity of caries
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Background: Human teeth considered to be an important etiological host factor in relation to dental caries through its morphology and composition. Elements may incorporate in tooth structure during pre and post-eruptive period changing the resistance for caries. The aims of this study were to determine the concentration of selected major (Calcium and phosphorus) and trace elements (Ferrous iron, nickel, chromium and aluminum) in permanent teeth and enamel among a group of adolescent girls in relation to severity of dental caries Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 25 girls with an age of 13-15 years old referred by Orthodontists for extractions of upper first premolars (two sides). Tooth and enamel samples were prepared for

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Use of Scalp Hair as a Biomarker to Determine Airborne Heavy Metal Concentrations for the Academic Laboratory Employees
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Academic chemical laboratories (ACL) are considered public places  the employees come in contact with a variety of pollutants. The aim of the current study was to detect heavy metals levels in the indoor air of ACL in two universities in Baghdad city and assess their levels in the academic employees’ scalp hair as biomarkers. Air samples inside ACL were collected to detect Fe, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu. Scalp hair samples were collected from 40 adult chemical laboratory employees aged 30-60 years, who worked 5 days/week for 6 hours a day. Personal information relating to employees such as age, duration of exposure, smoking habit and sex, was collected as a questionnaire. The results of this study concluded that academic laboratory employ

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Determination of uranium concentrations for soil of Tigris river and rainwater of Baghdad city
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In this study, phosphorescence analysis (KPA) is used for determining soil collected from the Tigris River from Al- Karrada and Bab Al-Sharq in Baghdad and samples were taken from rainwater collected from Al-Rashad, Al-Obeidi, Al-Dora and Al-Sadr City in Baghdad. The measurements were carried out by the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment, in the Radiation Protection Center. The collection, removal and evaporation of the samples ranged from January to the end of March 2018. The results show the presents of concentration of 238U and 235U in soil samples and the rainwater samples. The conclusion of this work is the concentration of uranium in soil samples is more than recommendations by ICRP value of 1.9 μg /l. While all water sample

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Using spatial analysis techniques to Preparing maps for distribution of pollutant concentrations in Shatt al-Arab waters in November 2015
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Abstract<p>Water has a great self-generating capacity that can neutralize the polluting interventions carried out by humans. However, if human activities continue this uncontrolled and unsustainable exploitation of this resource, this regenerating capacity shall fail and it will be jeopardized definitively. Shatt Al-Arab River in South of Iraq. It has an active role in providing water for irrigation, industry, domestic use and a commercial gateway to Iraq. in the last five years Shatt Al-Arab suffered from a rise in pollutants due to the severe decline in sewage networks, irregular networks and pesticide products, as well as the outputs of factories and companies that find their way to water sou</p> ... Show More
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