In this study, thin film Zinc oxide (ZnO) deposited by thermal evaporation techniques on unheated glass substrates. The findings of X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the ZnO films are amorphous before annealing. The subsequent diffraction patterns demonstrate that the films crystalline into polycrystalline mixed Tetragonal α-ZnO compounds and Orthorhombic ß-ZnO compounds. Atomic power microscope (AFM) shows that the ZnO films are of a large homogeneous surface. The median crystallite size is calculated from XRD data, which are increased for all thickness with an increasing ringing temperature and are less than the AFM data. The findings of the optical properties show that with rising annealing temperature for all thicknesses, the transmittance decreases. ZnO film shows transmittance that exceeds 95% in the IR radiation area of the spectrum at the lower thickness of 60 nm annealed at 523 K for 2 hr, but decreases to 87% percent with increasing annealing temperatures, although ZnO films with thicknesses of 130 nm annealed at 723 K for 2 hr have a transmittance of 94 % and 88 % in the IR region, but decreases High transmission in the IR area reveals that ZnO films are good materials for agricultural applications. All the prepared ZnO-thin films were n-type semiconductors and it is known that the concentration of the carriers (n) and the conductivity (σ) increased with an ever-greater annealing temperature, while their mobility (μ) and resistivity () is reduced with an increase in the annealing temperature.
The reason for my choice of the topic (what Imam Al-Tirmidhi mentioned in his book Al-Sunan regarding the provisions of sales) is that he mentioned many topics that affect people's lives, which are represented by commercial transactions and the exchange of benefits between them, so it became clear to them what is forbidden and what is not, aiming not to fall into the prohibited, and to achieve their interests, and relieve them of embarrassment. What we will see in the research.
The villa was incredible, summer was hot, and the Mediterranean Sea was so near.
Scil lived happily with her father as they needed no one else. But the visit of a calm and intelligent women caused huge shift in this delightful mess. So, how can this threat be stopped?
This novel displays to the reader a rich study of human soul to implicitly while being supported by short sentences and characterised by persons living in a horrible way and described in very short sentences.Thus, Françoise Sagan’s imagination was enflamed, and so he shaped ethical imagery in the moste wonderful way in the novel Hi, Sadness.
Rés
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The relationship between costs of environment and costs of product life – cycle. Boubtlessly when the economical unit exercise their productive works, they lead to pollution in water, air and soil as well as all stages of product life- cycle from Rans Dstage, production stage, packaging stage and finally abandonment stage- Pollution causes environmental costs. Lgnoring or hiding environmental costs and no taking them in consideration with product cost lead to a wrong account of preduot cost.
Therefore, environmental costs should be included and matched for all stages with in product costs to know which activities, processes
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The utilization of targeted therapy for programmed death ligand 1 (PD‑L1) has emerged as a prominent focus in contemporary clinical trials, particularly in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The prognostic significance of the expression of PD‑L1 in invasive mammary cancer remains a subject of discussion in clinical oncology, requiring further exploration, despite its recognition as a biomarker for responsiveness to anti‑PDL1 immunotherapy. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunohistological expression of PD‑L1 in women with triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a particular focus for searching for the associated clinical and pathological characteristics. The present retrospective study examined the
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Many isolated rural communities are located in regions where there is an abundant and reliable supply of solar energy, but where the distance to the nearest power station is many tens or even hundreds of kilometre. It is therefore mainly in these areas that rural electrification is now being provided by PV generators. since Stand-Alone PV generator can offer the most cost-effective and reliable option for providing power needed in remote places. Accordingly these isolated rural canters are fitted with PV for lighting, a refrigerator, a television and socket to supply kitchen appliances
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on EOS/Aqua satellite provides diverse measurements of Methane (CH4) distribution at different pressure levels in the Earth's atmosphere. The focus of this research is to analyze the vertical variations of (CH4) volume mixing ratio (VMR) time-series data at four Standard pressure levels SPL (925, 850, 600, and 300 hPa) in the troposphere above six cities in Iraq from January 2003 to September 2016. The analysis results of monthly average CH4VMR time-series data show a significant increase between 2003 and 2016, especially from 2009 to 2016; the minimum values of CH4 were in 2003 while the maximum values were in 2016. The vertical distribution of CH4<
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Videogames are currently one of the most widespread means of digital communication and entertainment; their releases are attracting considerable interest with growing number of audience and revenues each year. Videogames are examined by a variety of disciplines and fields. Nevertheless, scholarly attention concerned with the discourse of videogames from a linguistic perspective is relatively scarce, especially from a pragma-stylistic standpoint. This book addresses this vital issue by providing a pragma-stylistic analysis of the digital discourse of two well-known action videogames (First Person Shooter Games). It explores the role of the digital discourse of action videogames in maintaining real-like interactivity between the game and the
... Show MoreThe current research aims to find out the extent to which students of the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences\/Ibn al-Haitham have owned laboratory academic skills, the researcher adopted a descriptive research approach to conform to the goal of the research, the research sample the consisted of 140 students from the Department of Chemistry Phase II, The research tool, which consisted of a measure of laboratory academic skills, which consisted of seven skills and consisted of 28 paragraphs (four paragraphs per field), was prepared and the pent-up scale was chosen because the selected sample were university students, and the results showed the ownership of students' skills of laboratory academic skills other than skill The use of the libr
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