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Acute β - N -Methylamino-L-alanine Toxicity in a Mouse Model

The cyanobacterial neurotoxinβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is considered to be an “excitotoxin,” and its suggested mechanism of action is killing neurons. Long-term exposure to L-BMAA is believed to lead to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). Objectives of this study were to determine the presumptive median lethal dose (LD50), the Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (LOAEL), and histopathologic lesions caused by the naturally occurring BMAA isomer, L-BMAA, in mice. Seventy NIH Swiss Outbred mice (35 male and 35 female) were used. Treatment group mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.03, 0.3, 1, 2, and 3 mg/g body weight L-BMAA, respectively, and control mice were sham-injected. The presumptive LD50of L-BMAA was 3 mg/g BW and the LOAEL was 2 mg/g BW. There were no histopathologic lesions in brain, liver, heart, kidney, lung, or spleen in any of the mice during the 14-day study. L-BMAA was detected in brains and livers in all of treated mice but not in control mice. Males injected with 0.03 mg/g BW, 0.3 mg/g BW, and 3.0 mg/g BW L-BMAA showed consistently higher concentrations (P< 0.01) in brain and liver samples as compared to females in those respective groups.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Brain Storming Style and its Singnificance in teaching geography

                     The current research aims to know the method and strategy of rainstorming for students to open the door towards innovation and creativity in the field of teaching the subject of geography and the importance of brainstorming method and the studies that touched on it. The study also dealt with the steps of teaching the method of brainstorming and the most important (traditional and modern), and the difficulties of using the method of brainstorming in the teaching process, as well as explained the guidance to improve teaching using the method of brainstorming in the teaching p

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The pricing of the general food–stuffs in Islam

The prophet was against the monopoly . He warned the monopolies with great punishment . inspite of the high price in his time, he did not price , so did the rightely guided caliphes and the ummayads . Umar b abid al-aziz had been asked to price but he refused and said ―the prophet said ― ― God grieves ,pleases and fixes price ―
The monopoly was declard announce in the third and the fourth centuries of A.H . because of the weakness of the Islamis State and it’s failure to find the real reasons of it’s existence. Besides that they used the guaranty system in collecting the money . The guaranted shared in monopoly the food-stuff and sold it in high price .Add to that the foreign control on the executive power ,not to be menti

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Corrosion inhibition of Zinc by Imidazol in Acidic Media

The inhibitive effect of imidazol on the dissolution of Zn in (1M) HCl has been studied. The inhibion effect of imidazol ,protection efficiency and the corrosion rate of Zn in (1M) HCl were investigated at various concentrations (1x 10-3 – 5x10-3) M and tempearture range (285-328) K. The corrosion inhibitive of Zn by imidazol was studied using weight loss measurement and analytical titration of the amounts of dissolved zinc in acidic solution in presence and absent of imidazol. It was observed that imidazol led to protection efficiency reached to (88.93)% when (10)mM imidazol concentration was used. A linear relationship came true between (C/?) and (C); where (?) is the coverage of Zn surface by imidazol which could be obtained from

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 19 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The value of lateral cephalometric image in sex identification

Background: Determination of sex and estimation of stature from the skeleton is vital to medicolegal investigations. Skull is composed of hard tissue and is the best preserved part of skeleton after death, hence, in many cases it is the only available part for forensic examination. Lateral cephalogram is ideal for the skull examination as it gives details of various anatomical points in a single radiograph. This study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of digital cephalometric system as quick, easy and reproducible supplement tool in sex determination in Iraqi samples in different age range using certain linear and angular craniofacial measurements in predicting sex. Materials and Method The sample consisted of 113of true lateral cepha

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Manegment of the medical waste in the kindy hospital

The problem of medical waste over the past tow decades has emerged as one of the most important issues.

Which have negative effects on health and the environment ,and as a result specialists looked into the field.

Public health and research issues . This phenomenon in all its dimensions and efforts made For their containment through the development of health and environmental controls for the disposal of such wastes.

In a safe manner starting form the source of these wastes and the various health organizations are  finished The final treatment ,and this is why the producers of hazardous medical waste.        &nb

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Crossref
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
UPDATED LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN IRAQ 2014

    The present work provides a list of all amphibians and reptiles recorded from Iraq up to 2014. It includes 115 species (105 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians) dating back to 25 families (20 families of reptiles and 5 families of amphibians). Conservation status of each species was mentioned.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Semiotics label in the Dalia Duaeed Bin al- summa

Form naming system Simiaúaa can not be studied in isolation from the dimensionality of social and psychological , no doubt that names carry data psyche during social interaction , deflagration volunteered her body signifier in formats that meet the margin emotional part of the signified , Vtngams forms functions in coordinated trading to function as semantic double , it operates on coding , as well as carry emotional charge .
The science of semiotics cares Pettmvsal indications and forms of circulation, and is made form the semantic patterns , and pattern of production , and methods of functioning . Stop quite a few specialists and critics and researchers at Dalia ignorant poet and knight known ( Duraid bin embolism Jashmi ) ; it rep

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Unsupervised Segmentation Method for Thyroid Nodules in Ultrasound Images

Thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland located in the front of the neck just below the Adams apple. Thyroid is one of the endocrine gland, which produces hormones that help the body to control metabolism. A different thyroid disorder includes Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodules (benign/malignant). Ultrasound imaging is most commonly used to detect and classify abnormalities of the thyroid gland. Segmentation method is a tool that used widely in many applications including medical image processing. One of the common applications of segmentation is in medical image analysis for clinical diagnosis that has an important role in terms of quality and quantity.
The main objective of this research is to use the Computer-Ai

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