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Smart fertilizer technologies: An environmental impact assessment for sustainable agriculture
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The global food supply heavily depends on utilizing fertilizers to meet production goals. The adverse impacts of traditional fertilization practices on the environment have necessitated the exploration of new alternatives in the form of smart fertilizer technologies (SFTs). This review seeks to categorize SFTs, which are slow and controlled-release Fertilizers (SCRFs), nano fertilizers, and biological fertilizers, and describes their operational principles. It examines the environmental implications of conventional fertilizers and outlines the attributes of SFTs that effectively address these concerns. The findings demonstrate a pronounced environmental advantage of SFTs, including enhanced crop yields, minimized nutrient loss, improved nutrient use efficiency, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nevertheless, amidst these benefits, the challenges and constraints associated with these technologies, such as production expenses and potential environmental impacts of specific components, are also discussed. A comparative assessment of these SFTs emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach, considering three crucial factors: efficiency, environmental safety, and cost-effectiveness. While no single SFT achieves optimal balance across these dimensions, integrating multiple fertilizer technologies may help mitigate individual drawbacks. Also, financial and cost-to-benefit analyses are essential to gauge their applicability across diverse cropping environments. Future perspectives shed light on emerging SFTs and innovative approaches to overcome prevailing challenges and cultivate a more impactful role in fostering sustainable agriculture

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 09 2025
Journal Name
Petroleum And Coal
Extraction and Analysis of Compressional, Shear, and Stoneley Slowness, Rock Mechanical Properties, and Shear Anisotropy Using Sonic Scanner Data
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The Sonic Scanner is a multifunctional instrument designed to log wells, assess elastic characteristics, and support reservoir characterisation. Furthermore, it facilitates comprehension of rock mechanics, gas detection, and well positioning, while also furnishing data for geomechanical computations and sand management. The present work involved the application of the Sonic Scanner for both basic and advanced processing of oil-well-penetrating carbonate media. The study aimed to characterize the compressional, shear, Stoneley slowness, rock mechanical properties, and Shear anisotropy analysis of the formation. Except for intervals where significant washouts are encountered, the data quality of the Monopole, Dipole, and Stoneley modes is gen

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Divine orders Divine orders directed to his prophets (peace be upon them): Divine orders directed to his prophets (peace be upon them)
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ملخص البحث:

    ان الله تعالى هو الذي خلق جميع المخلوقات ، والذي بيده الموت والحياة وان كل هذه المخلوقات تحتاج الى اوامر ، وهذه الاوامر الالهية وجهها الله لعبادة بوساطة انبياءه ( عليهم السلام) فكانوا هم اول المستسلمين والمنقادين لأوامره ، فجاءت الآيات الكريمة مخاطبة للأنبياء واقوامهم بشكل عام ولنبينا محمد (r) بشكل خاص.

اما عن المضمون البحثي فقد جاءت مادته مقسمة الى ثل

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 09 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Improving the Performance of Construction Project Information and Communication Management Using Web-Based Project Management Systems (WPMSs)
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This paper presents a brief study undertaken for improving the performance of information and communication management of construction projects through investing in information and communication technologies (ICT). The work aims at first to investigate and diagnose the problems, challenges, weaknesses, and inefficiencies related to information and communication management in projects in the construction industry of Iraq. Studying the diagnosed matters and the different solutions of ICT to improve project management performance is following the investigation process. The research presents a technological system suggested to process a lot of the diagnosed problems, challenges, weakness, and inefficiencies of the construction projects and t

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of New Fused Heterocyclic Compounds Consisting of Benzodiazepine, Quinoxaline, Benzimidazole and Thiazole Rings
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In this study, new heterocyclic compounds were synthesized through the cyclization reactions of o-phenylenediamine (1) with various organic reagents. Benzodiazepine derivatives (2-4) were obtained by reaction of (1) with ethylacetoacetate, malonic acid and acetyl acetone.Treatment of compound (1) with chloroacetamide, chloroacetic acid, p-bromophenacyl bromide and oxalic acid dihydrate afforded quinoxaline derivatives (5-8), respectively. Reaction of compound (1) with benzoic acid, piperonal, cyclohexanone and carbon disulfide resulted in the formation of compounds (9-12), respectively. Finally, reaction of compound (12) with chloroacetic acid in the presence of potassium hydroxide produced compound (13).

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Technologies And Materials For Renewable Energy, Environment And Sustainability: Tmrees21gr
Theoretical investigation of charge transfer at N3 sensitized molecule dye contact with TiO2 and ZnO semiconductor
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We present a simple model of charge transfer current through sensitizer N3 molecule contact to TiO2 and ZnO semiconductors to calculate the charge transfer current. The model underlying depends on the fundamental parameters of the charge transfer reaction and it is based on the quantum transition theory approach. A transition energy, driving energy and potential barrier have been taken into account charge transfer current at N3 / TiO2 and N3 / ZnO devices with wide polarity solvents Acetic acid, 2-Methoxyethanol, 1-Butanol, Methyl alcohol, chloroform, N,N-Dimethylacetamide and Ethyl alcohol via the quantum donor-acceptor system.The effects of the transition energy and potential barrier are computed and discussion on charge transfer current.

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 02 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Engineering Research And General Science
Security in Cloud Computing
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Becloud stupefy computing is solid buzzword in the trade. It is timeless in which the advantage seat be leveraged on sound out miserable take into consideration reducing the indict and complication of grant providers. Cloud computing promises to curtail truly and opinionated retrench and approximately specifically concede IT departments focusing on moral projects as contrasted with of misery datacenters contention, It is unconditionally with than on the up internet. Give are sundry consequences of this put together. For the actuality remodeling in turn flock cause get revenge buyer be attractive to. This implies ramble they chaperone custody of servers, they carry out software updates and assistant on the condense user pay

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Famotidine Drug via Coupling with Diazotized Metochlopramide Hydrochloride
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A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of famotidine (FAM) as a pure material and in pharmaceutical formulation. This method was based on diazotization and coupling reaction between famotidine and diazotized solution of metochlopramide hydrochloride (DMPH) in the presence of phosphate buffer solution to give a compound of azo dye having orange color soluble in water with high absorptivity at a wave length of 478 nm. The data shows that FAM and DMPH combine in the molar ratio of 1:1 at PH 7.0 .The method obeys Beer's law over concentration range of 1-40 ?g.ml-1 of famotidine with a correlation coefficient of 0.9955 and a detection limit of 0.10 ?g.ml-1. The apparent molar absorptivity re

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding measles vaccine campaign among medical and engineering students: Baghdad, 2011
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Background: The strategy for eliminating measles from Iraq includes conducting mass immunization campaign against measles, within the framework of the national strategic plan for the elimination of this disease. Awareness about this campaign is fundamental for their success.Objective: The study aims at finding out the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding vaccination against measles among two groups of students in two different colleges ( medical and engineering) .To report uptake of Measles vaccine and reasons for declining the vaccine among medical and non-medical students in the campaignMethod: Across sectional study has been conducted at Al-Kindy College of Medicine/ Baghdad University and University of Technology for the peri

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Terpens, Alkaloids and Phenols Agnaist Fusarium oxysporum
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This study includes isolation, purification, and identification of Fusarium oxysporum from chili pepper infected plants. Eucalyptus camaldulensis were collected and air dried at room temperature, then ground to semi powdered state. Phenols, alkaloids and terpens were extracted from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The antifungal activity, type of extracts was evaluated at different concentrations 5 and 10 mg / ml of these compounds were prepared and their antagonistic activity was studied. The Percentage of radial growth inhibition of fungi by plant extracts was measured after 7 day incubation. Results showed that terpens extract was the most active against fungi and alkaloids extract had less antifungal activity and the percentage of mycelia r

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Hybrid(Luminescent and Fresnel ) Concentrators to Improve Solar Panel Conversion Efficiency
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The spectral response of the Si solar cell does not coincidence with the sun irradiance spectrum, so the efficiency of the Si solar cell is not high. To improve the Si solar cell one try to make use of most region of the sun spectrum by using dyes which absorb un useful wavelengths and radiate at useful region of spectrum (by stock shift). Fluorescence's dye is used as luminescent concentrator to increase the efficiency of the solar cell. The results show that the performance efficiency and out power for crystalline silicon solar cells are improved.

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