The global food supply heavily depends on utilizing fertilizers to meet production goals. The adverse impacts of traditional fertilization practices on the environment have necessitated the exploration of new alternatives in the form of smart fertilizer technologies (SFTs). This review seeks to categorize SFTs, which are slow and controlled-release Fertilizers (SCRFs), nano fertilizers, and biological fertilizers, and describes their operational principles. It examines the environmental implications of conventional fertilizers and outlines the attributes of SFTs that effectively address these concerns. The findings demonstrate a pronounced environmental advantage of SFTs, including enhanced crop yields, minimized nutrient loss, improved nutrient use efficiency, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nevertheless, amidst these benefits, the challenges and constraints associated with these technologies, such as production expenses and potential environmental impacts of specific components, are also discussed. A comparative assessment of these SFTs emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach, considering three crucial factors: efficiency, environmental safety, and cost-effectiveness. While no single SFT achieves optimal balance across these dimensions, integrating multiple fertilizer technologies may help mitigate individual drawbacks. Also, financial and cost-to-benefit analyses are essential to gauge their applicability across diverse cropping environments. Future perspectives shed light on emerging SFTs and innovative approaches to overcome prevailing challenges and cultivate a more impactful role in fostering sustainable agriculture
The research aims to show the impact of the new modern malls on urban adjacent land uses; it handled concise study of the old markets, contemporary shopping malls, and the standards and regulations for commercial use. Sample study has been taken from new allocated malls in the city of Baghdad. The results of the sample analysis, and statistical analysis has proven hypothesis; that the locating of new malls impacted physical, social, and economic on urban adjacent, especially the exotic on urban fabric. It also turned out that the shopping demand from these malls is inelastic, which gives an opportunity to the planner and the decision-maker, to locate the modern new malls where spatial appropriate in the city are available. The major reco
... Show MoreThe general objective of the research is to better understand changes in land cover and their impact on climatic factors by measuring changes in land cover for the Baghdad city for the period 1999-2021 and evaluating changes in land cover and measuring changes in climatic factors (relative humidity and evaporation). This study from 1999 to 2021 and in two different seasons: the April of the growing season and August the dry season. When using the supervised classification method to determine the differences, the results showed remarkable changes, the study showed the spatial variations in LC from 1999 to 2021 as follows: increase in the vegetation and water bodies during April and decrease this in August while the soil and built up decreas
... Show MoreProblem of research as defined, including the following:what is impact organizing of configuration for still life in paintings of students in the Department of Art Education in subject of colors ?Study of well training for organized in painting of still life is necessary for a teacher of art education to contribute effectively to the performance of his letter, so is this research in response to the public goals for a subject of art education. The current research aims to:1. Impact organization of configuration for still life in paintings of students in the Department of Art Education for the first grade in subject of colors2. Role organization of configuration for still life in the painting to serve the educational process in subject of
... Show MoreIn its theoretical framework, this study dealt with the subjects of high commitment management and organizational excellence, as the study came in response to the growing developments and changes in the fields of management. It includes an analysis of correlation and effect between high commitment management, which has been attracting a lot of attention recently due to the intensifying rivalry between organizations because of certain external factors like globalization and world markets liberation, and its effect in achieving organizational excellence.
The practical framework, on the other hand, dealt with the analysis of correlation and effect between the study's variables. The problem
... Show MoreThe financial statements must accurately, clearly and fairly present the financial situation and financial statements should be reliable as well. Pursuant to Board Decision No. (74) 2020, CBI obliges banks, according to the Banking Law No. (94) for the year 2004, Article (33) paragraph 2 concerning real estate owned from previous years and expropriated as a result debt settlement , to apply a real estate liquidation provision at a rate of 20% for each property expropriated and at a rate of 100% for each year of delay up to (5) years .also from the significance of the issue of real estates that become a property of banks as a result of debt settlement and the pr
... Show MoreThis research dealt with the impact of internal control on tax performance using balanced scorecard indicators because of its special importance in improving tax performance and reform. The internal control system is a safety valve for senior management in all organizations, it plays an important role in the regularity and development of work and the fight against corruption To provide reliable and accurate data and information, follow up on compliance with laws, regulations and instructions. The aim of this research is to demonstrate how control affects tax performance and how to adapt internal control components to improve tax performance. In the General Authority for taxes and its branches,. The research resulted in a number of conclu
... Show MoreThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between empowerment strategies and their impact on the success of enrichment work, it included the dimensions of empowerment strategies (power, knowledge, information, rewards), The dimensions of Job enrichment are (Skill variety, Task identity, Task significance, Autonomy, Feedback). The study was conducted at the headquarters of the Iraqi Oil Ministry in Baghdad and was based on a sample of the leadership of the ministry of managers consisting of 215 people. The data were collected using the questionnaire method based on scientific standards adopted in previous st
... Show MoreThe research aims to demonstrate the impact of tax techniques on the quality of services provided to income taxpayers by studying the correlational and influencing relationships between the exploited variable (tax techniques) and the dependent variable (the quality of services provided to income taxpayers), and in line with the research objectives, the main hypothesis of the research was formulated (there is a relationship Significance between tax techniques and the quality of services provided to income taxpayers) a number of sub-hypotheses emerged from this hypothesis that were stated in the research methodology, and a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were (through the use of the correlation coeff
... Show MoreThe prolactin hormone played role in the many autoimmune disorders. To determine the importance of high levels of prolactin in triggering rheumatoid arthritis, thirty patient's women with hyperprolactinemia aged (20-45) years old have been investigated and compared with twenty five healthy individuals. All the studied groups were carried out to measure the concentration of citrulinated peptide(CCP) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA), antikeratin antibodies (AKA)and antinuclear antibodies(ANA) by indirect fluorescent assay IFAT. There was a significant elevation of CCP concentration compared with control groups (P< 0.05). The percentage of antikeratin antibodies and antinuclear antibodies was (20%, 10%) respectively, and
... Show MoreBackground: Among individuals who have a stenotic aortic valve, a precise assessment of aortic valve area is essential for clinical judgment. So far, no studies have been conducted to investigate and assess the role of the three dimensional echo-cardiography in the assessment of the valve stenosis. This study aims to compare and assess the precision of the measurement of the stenosis area of the aortic valve by 2D versus 3D echo-cardiography.