Reliable data transfer and energy efficiency are the essential considerations for network performance in resource-constrained underwater environments. One of the efficient approaches for data routing in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is clustering, in which the data packets are transferred from sensor nodes to the cluster head (CH). Data packets are then forwarded to a sink node in a single or multiple hops manners, which can possibly increase energy depletion of the CH as compared to other nodes. While several mechanisms have been proposed for cluster formation and CH selection to ensure efficient delivery of data packets, less attention has been given to massive data communication processes with sink node. As such, failure in communicating nodes would lead to a significant network void-holes problem. Considering the limited energy resources of nodes in UWSNs along with the heavy load of CHs in the routing process, this paper proposes a void-holes aware and reliable data forwarding strategy (VHARD-FS) in a proactive mode to control data packets delivery from CH nodes to the sink in UWSNs. In the proposed strategy, each CH node is aware of its neighbor’s performance ranking index to conduct a reliable packet transmission to the sink via the most energy-efficient route. Extensive simulation results indicate that the VHARD-FS outperforms existing routing approaches while comparing energy efficiency and network throughput. This study helps to effectively alleviate the resource limitations associated with UWSNs by extending network life and increasing service availability even in a harsh underwater environment.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system with complex etiopathogenesis that impacts young adults (Lee et al., 2015), and MS impacts younger and middle aged character and leads to a range of disabilities that can alter their daily routines (Yara et al, 2010). Although, the exact cause of MS is still undetermined, the disease is mediated by adaptive immunity through the infiltration of T cells into the central nervous system (Bjelobaba et al, 2017). MS causes the Focal neurological symptomsand biochemical changes in the molecular level and the variation of neural cells such as loss or alteration of sensation, motor function, visible signs such as blurred vision or transient blindness,
... Show MoreThe aim of this work was to develop and validate a rapid and low cost method for estimation of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical suspensions using Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The proposed method was conducted and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) requirements. The chromatographic parameters were as follows: column of octyldecylsilyl C18 with dimensions (150 × 4.6) mm, mobile phase composed of acetonitrile with phosphoric acid with a ratio of 50 to 50 each using isocratic mode, flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and injection volume of 5 μL. The detection was carried out using UV detector at 220 nm. The method was validated and showed short retention time for ibuprofen peak at 7.651 min, wit
... Show MoreIn this research investigation, a total of eighteen diverse tetra- and penta-lateral cyclic compounds were synthesized. These included 1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiazolidin-4-one (via an alternative method), 1,2,4-triazole, carbothioamide, thiazole-4-one, azetidin-2-one, and oxazole. The synthesis procedure entailed a sequence of reactions. The thiazolidine-4-one 1 was obtained by reaction p-aminobenzoic acid with thiosemicarbazide, followed by treatment with p-tolualdehyde to produce Schiff base 2. Reaction Schiff base 2 with mercaptoacetic acid in dry benzene was carried out to produce thiazolidine-4-one 3. In another synthesis pathway, the esterification of p-nitro benzoic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid was
... Show MoreABSTRACT:
Objectives: The study aims to know the effectiveness of the educational program in the patient’s adherence to medication and diet and to know the relationship between the effectiveness of the education program and their demographic data related to the patient’s age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, monthly income and residence.
Methodology: A quasi -experimental design study was performed on patient who attended to Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, from March 2021 to September 2021. The non-probability sampling including 50 patients for case study and 30 patients for control group. The questionnaire consists of 3 parts, part one the socio
... Show MoreAutoría: Nuha Mohsin Dhahi. Localización: Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte. Nº. 5, 2022. Artículo de Revista en Dialnet.
Four electrodes were synthesized based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Two MIPs were prepared by using the diclofenac sodium (DFS) as the template, 2-hydroxy ethyl metha acrylate(2-HEMA) and 2-vinyl pyridine(2-VP) as monomers as well as divinyl benzene and benzoyl peroxide as cross linker and initiator respectively. The same composition used for prepared non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) but without the template (diclofenac sodium). To prepared the membranes electrodes used different plasticizers in PVC matrix such as: tris(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tri butyl phosphate (TBP), bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate (BEHA) and tritolyl phosphate (TTP). The characteristics studied the slop, detection limit, life time and linearity range of DF
... Show MoreThe present article discusses the synthesis of tetradentate Schiff base complexes formed by the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde and phthalohydrazide. The ligand (LH2) was detected using FT-IR spectra, 1H, 13C-NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis CHN, and mass spectrometry. The obtained solid complexes have been assessed using physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis, FT-IR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR), mass spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic absorption, in addition to complex conductivity and magnetic moment measurements. The infrared results demonstrated that ligands functioning as tetradentate ligands are chelated to metal ions via the ph
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