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Void-hole aware and reliable data forwarding strategy for underwater wireless sensor networks
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Abstract<p>Reliable data transfer and energy efficiency are the essential considerations for network performance in resource-constrained underwater environments. One of the efficient approaches for data routing in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is clustering, in which the data packets are transferred from sensor nodes to the cluster head (CH). Data packets are then forwarded to a sink node in a single or multiple hops manners, which can possibly increase energy depletion of the CH as compared to other nodes. While several mechanisms have been proposed for cluster formation and CH selection to ensure efficient delivery of data packets, less attention has been given to massive data communication processes with sink node. As such, failure in communicating nodes would lead to a significant network void-holes problem. Considering the limited energy resources of nodes in UWSNs along with the heavy load of CHs in the routing process, this paper proposes a void-holes aware and reliable data forwarding strategy (VHARD-FS) in a proactive mode to control data packets delivery from CH nodes to the sink in UWSNs. In the proposed strategy, each CH node is aware of its neighbor’s performance ranking index to conduct a reliable packet transmission to the sink via the most energy-efficient route. Extensive simulation results indicate that the VHARD-FS outperforms existing routing approaches while comparing energy efficiency and network throughput. This study helps to effectively alleviate the resource limitations associated with UWSNs by extending network life and increasing service availability even in a harsh underwater environment.</p>
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
A Viscoplastic Modeling for Permanent Deformation Prediction of Rubberized and Conventional Mix Asphalt
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Calculating the density of electronic charge for hydrogen atom and ions like atom
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The radial wave function R(r) and the radial distribution function P(r) as a function of (r), for the Hydrogen atom was calculated for several atomic state (1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,3d) The results were compared with Hydrogen like atom(He+,Li+2,Be+3).

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 22 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Characterization of Itraconazole as Nanosuspension Dosage Form for Enhancement of Solubility
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Abstract

            Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal given orally for the treatment of oropharyngeal and vulvovaginal candidiasis, for systemic infections including aspergillosis, candidiasis,  and for the prophylaxis of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.

           The study aimed to formulate a practical water-insoluble Itraconazole, with insufficient bioavailability as nanosuspension to increase aqueous solubility and improve its dissolution and oral bioavailability.

          Itraconazole nanosuspension was produced by a

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 05 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation for Some New Schiff-bases Derived from P-aminoacetanilide
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Derivatives of Schiff-bases possess a great importance in pharmaceutical chemistry. They can be used for synthesizing different types of bioactive compounds. In this paper, derivatives of new Schiff bases have been synthesized from several serial steps. The acid (I) was synthesized from the reaction of dichloroethanoic acid with 2 moles of p-aminoacetanilide. New acid (I) converted to its ester (II) via the reaction of (I) with dimethyl sulphate in the present of anhydrous of sodium carbonate and dry acetone. Acid hydrazide (III) has been synthesized by adding 80% of hydrazine hydrate  to the new ester using ethanol as a solvent. The last step included the preparation of new Schiff-bases (IV-VIII) by the reaction of acid hydrazide with

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Textural Properties Characterization for NaX and FeX Zeolites by Nitrogen Adsorption-desorption Technique
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The zeolite's textural properties have a significant effect on zeolite's effectiveness in the different industrial processes. This research aimed to study the textual properties of the NaX and FeX zeolites using the nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique at a constant low temperature. According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the adsorption-desorption isotherm showed that the studied materials were mixed kinds I/II isotherms and H3 type hysteresis. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm was the best model to describe the nitrogen adsorption-desorption better than the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The obtained adsorption capacity and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area values for NaX were greater than FeX. Ac

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 07 2025
Journal Name
Misan Journal Of Academic Studies
Some of Parametric and Non Parametric Estimations for Circular Regression Model via Simulation
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Circular data (circular sightings) are periodic data and are measured on the unit's circle by radian or grades. They are fundamentally different from those linear data compatible with the mathematical representation of the usual linear regression model due to their cyclical nature. Circular data originate in a wide variety of fields of scientific, medical, economic and social life. One of the most important statistical methods that represents this data, and there are several methods of estimating angular regression, including teachers and non-educationalists, so the letter included the use of three models of angular regression, two of which are teaching models and one of which is a model of educators. ) (DM) (MLE) and circular shrinkage mod

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical Sciences
Heuristic Initialization And Similarity Integration Based Model for Improving Extractive Multi-Document Summarization
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Popular naming for goods and materials in the Iraqi slang "A Semantic Study"
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The current research is concerned with the prices of Goods and materials in the Iraqi slang a descriptive, lexicographic , and semantic study expressing the meanings of these names and their positions , as well as expressing the imaginations of Human mind , the popular mind in describing these goods with evaluating them besides the semantic of each word accordingly
The current research is divided into two parts , the first part is consisted of Vocalizations" words" That are arisen through cognitive naming that concentrate on the mental imaginations for the most important and sensitive such as colors , taste , shapes and forms impacts of Goods and materials according to users' ' taste for those words , on other hand, the second part of

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 02 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Medical Journal
Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity for Otitis Media in A Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital.
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental and Simulation for the Effect of Partial Shading on Solar Panel Performance
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Partial shading is one of the problems that affects the power production and the efficiency of photovoltaic module. A series of experimental work have been done of partial shading of   monocrystalline PV module; 50W, Isc: 3.1A, Voc: 22V with 36 cells in series is achieved. Non-linear power output responses of the module are observed by applying various cases of partial shading (vertical and horizontal shading of solar cells in the module). Shading a single cell (corner cell) has the greatest impact on output energy. Horizontal shading or vertical shading reduced the power from 41W to 18W at constant solar radiation 1000W/m2 and steady state condition. Vertical blocking a column

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