Emails have proliferated in our ever-increasing communication, collaboration and
information sharing. Unfortunately, one of the main abuses lacking complete benefits of
this service is email spam (or shortly spam). Spam can easily bewilder system because
of its availability and duplication, deceiving solicitations to obtain private information.
The research community has shown an increasing interest to set up, adapt, maintain and
tune several spam filtering techniques for dealing with emails and identifying spam and
exclude it automatically without the interference of the email user. The contribution of
this paper is twofold. Firstly, to present how spam filtering methodology can be
constructed based on the concep

The purpose of this research is to show a constructive method
for using known fuzzy groups as building blocks to form more fuzzy
subgroups. As we shall describe employing this procedure with the
fuzzy generating subgroups give us a large class of fuzzy
subgroup of abelian groups which include all fuzzy subgroup of
abelian groups of finite order.

        In real situations all observations and measurements are not exact numbers but more or less non-exact, also called fuzzy. So, in this paper, we use approximate non-Bayesian computational methods to estimate inverse Weibull parameters and reliability function with fuzzy data. The maximum likelihood and moment estimations are obtained as non-Bayesian estimation. The maximum likelihood estimators have been derived numerically based on two iterative techniques namely “Newton-Raphson” and the “Expectation-Maximization” techniques. In addition, we provide compared numerically through Monte-Carlo simulation study to obtained estimates of the parameters and reliability function i

This research study Blur groups (Fuzzy Sets) which is the perception of the most modern in the application in various practical and theoretical areas and in various fields of life, was addressed to the fuzzy random variable whose value is not real, but the numbers Millbh because it expresses the mysterious phenomena or uncertain with measurements are not assertive. Fuzzy data were presented for binocular test and analysis of variance method of random Fuzzy variables , where this method depends on a number of assumptions, which is a problem that prevents the use of this method in the case of non-realized.

This paper deals with constructing mixed probability distribution from mixing exponential

The dependable and efficient identification of Qin seal script characters is pivotal in the discovery, preservation, and inheritance of the distinctive cultural values embodied by these artifacts. This paper uses image histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) features and an SVM model to discuss a character recognition model for identifying partial and blurred Qin seal script characters. The model achieves accurate recognition on a small, imbalanced dataset. Firstly, a dataset of Qin seal script image samples is established, and Gaussian filtering is employed to remove image noise. Subsequently, the gamma transformation algorithm adjusts the image brightness and enhances the contrast between font structures and image backgrounds. After a s

In this paper Hermite interpolation method is used for solving linear and non-linear second order singular multi point boundary value problems with nonlocal condition. The approximate solution is found in the form of a rapidly convergent polynomial. We discuss behavior of the solution in the neighborhood of the singularity point which appears to perform satisfactorily for singular problems. The examples to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the method have been given.

The multiplicity of connotations in any paper does not mean that there is no main objective for that paper and certainly one of these papers is our research the main objective is to introduce a new connotation which is type-2 fuzzy somewhere dense set in general type-2 fuzzy topological space and its relationship with open sets of the connotation type-2 fuzzy set in the same space topology and theories of this connotation.