Reservoir characterization plays a crucial role in comprehending the distribution of formation properties and fluids within heterogeneous reservoirs. This knowledge is instrumental in constructing an accurate three-dimensional model of the reservoir, facilitating predictions regarding porosity, permeability, and fluid flow distribution. Among the various methods employed for reservoir characterization, the hydraulic flow unit stands out as a widely adopted approach. By effectively subdividing the reservoir into distinct zones, each characterized by unique petrophysical and geological properties, hydraulic flow units enable comprehensive reservoir analysis. The concept of the flow unit is closely tied to the flow zone indicator, a cr

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DCL), in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the oxidation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and coupling of the oxidized product with DCL in alkaline medium to give intensively colored chromogen which exhibits maximum absorption (λmax) at 600 nm, and the concentration of DCL was determined spectrophotometrically. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. In addition to classical univariate optimization, modified simplex method (MSM) has been applied in optimization of the variables affecting the color producing reaction. Beer’s law is obeyed in the

Simple and sensitive kinetic methods are developed for the determination of Paracetamol in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on direct reaction (oxidative-coupling reaction) of Paracetamol with o-cresol in the presence of sodium periodate in alkaline medium, to form an intense blue-water-soluble dye that is stable at room temperature, and was followed spectrophotometriclly at λmax= 612 nm. The reaction was studied kinetically by Initial rate and fixed time (at 25 minutes) methods, and the optimization of conditions were fixed. The calibration graphs for drug determination were linear in the concentration ranges (1-7 μg.ml-1) for the initial rate and (1-10 μg.ml-1) for the fixed time methods at 25 min.

The drug promethazine hydrochloride (PRZH) forms with rhodium (II) a colored chelate (?max = 472 nm) complex at (pH = 2.1) which is extractable with benzyl alcohol as organic solvent. Under the appropriate experimental conditions a calibration plot was set up from which some analytical parameter were derived and deduced by regression. Standard addition procedure was also adopted. It has been estimated that the concentration of the drug PRZH to be 24.89 mg per unit and 24.19 mg per unit for both calibrations. Under optimal conditions, the developed method has been achieved the following characteristics: LDR (30 – 150 µg ml-1 ) PRZH , RSD % ( 0.6 – 2.47 ) , sandell sensitivity( 0.0844 µg. cm -2 ) , LOD ( 1.66 µgml-1 ) , recovery

A new, Simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) drug in pure and dosage forms. This method based on the reaction of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with 1,2-napthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid (NQS) to form Nalkylamono naphthoquinone by replacement of the sulphonate group of the naphthoquinone sulphonic acid by an amino group. The colored chromogen shows absorption maximum at 460 nm. The optimum conditions of condensation reaction forms were investigated by (1) univariable method, by optimizing the effect of experimental variables (different bases, reagent concentration, borax concentration and reaction time), (2) central composite design (CCD) including the effect of

         A spectrophotometric reliable, rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated for  the determination Ketotifen fumarate  . A method was described for the determination of Ketotifen Fumarate  in pure form or pharmaceutical formulations, a colored ion-pair complex formation reaction among ketotifen fumarate and acid-dye bromophenol blue at pH 3.0 was used for the colorimetric determination of the drug. The complex formed was extracted into chloroform and the maximum absorbance of the solution was measured at 413 nm against blank. The calibration curve calculated obey Beer's law over the concentration range of 0.4-16 μg/ml and the regression equation was A=0.069

Simple, economic and sensitive mathematical spectrophotometric methods were developed for the estimation 4-aminoantipyrine in presence of its acidic product. The estimation of binary mixture 4-aminoantipyrine and its acidic product was achieved by first derivative and second derivative spectrophotometric methods by applying zero-crossing at (valley 255.9nm and 234.5nm) for 4-aminoantipyrine and (peak 243.3 nm and 227.3nm) for acidic product. The value of coefficient of determination for the liner graphs were not less than 0.996 and the recovery percentage were found to be in the range from 96.555 to 102.160. Normal ratio spectrophotometric method 0DD was used 50 mg/l acidic product as a divisor and then measured at 299.9 nm with correlat

    Simple, economic and sensitive mathematical spectrophotometric methods were developed for the estimation 4-aminoantipyrine in presence of its acidic product. The estimation of binary mixture 4-aminoantipyrine and its acidic product was achieved by first derivative and second derivative spectrophotometric methods by applying zero-crossing at (valley 255.9nm and 234.5nm) for 4-aminoantipyrine and (peak 243.3 nm and 227.3nm) for acidic product. The value of  coefficient of determination  for the liner  graphs were  not less than 0.996 and the recovery percentage were found to be in the range from 96.555 to 102.160. Normal ratio spectrophotometric method 0DD was used 50 mg/l acidic product as a divisor