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Effects of Pressure and Moisture Content on Bulk Density of Triticale Grain under Compaction
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Highlights

Compaction of triticale grain with three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) was measured at five applied pressures (0, 7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa).

Bulk density increased with increasing pressure for all moisture contents and was significantly (p < 0.0001) dependent on both moisture content and applied pressure.

A Verhulst logistic equation was found to model the changes in bulk density of triticale grain with R2 of 0.986.

The model showed similar behavior to that of wheat and rye, indicating that the results of this study can be used with the methods of ASABE Standard S413 to predict the quantity of triticale grain stored in bins.

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of moisture content (MC) and pressure on the changes in bulk density of triticale grain under compaction at conditions typical of those seen in storage structures and to develop mathematical models to describe the compression behavior. Triticale compaction was measured at three MCs (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) and four compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa) using a square metal box based on the design used in an earlier study by Thompson and Ross. Data from the compaction tests were used to calculate bulk densities for the three MCs and four pressures. Bulk densities were found to be significantly (p < 0.0001) dependent on both MC and pressure. Bulk densities varied with increasing MC, as has been observed in similar studies for other agricultural grains such as rye and wheat. These results provide guidance for estimating the bulk density of triticale in bins and other storage structures. The Verhulst logistic equation was found to best describe the changes in bulk density of triticale caused by rearrangement of the grain kernels at lower pressures for the three MCs. At higher pressures, the grain was observed to be more compliant, and Hooke’s law was used to accurately describe the observed changes. Data from the compaction tests were used to estimate the model parameters, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.986. The model was then used in WPACKING to compare the results of this study to pack factor predictions for triticale and wheat. WPACKING is a computer program that is the basis for ASABE Standard S413. The results of this comparison showed that this method can be used with the methods of ASABE Standard S413 to predict the quantity of triticale grain stored in bins. Keywords: Bulk density, Interaction, Moisture content, Pressure, Triticale, Verhulst logistic equation.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
Studying The Effect of The Type of Substrate on The Structural, Morphology and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 25 2017
Journal Name
Biomedical And Pharmacology Journal
Effect of the Addition of Polyamide (Nylon 6) Micro-Particles on Some Mechanical Properties of RTV Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Before and After Artificial Aging
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 02 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy And Three Step Interview Strategy On Achievement Of The History Material Among Student Of The First Intermediate Class
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  The research aims to know The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy  and Three Step Interview strategy on achievement of the history material among student of the first literary class, The Researcher used the experimental design of the two experimental groups and the control group and with post test, researcher group (a) represent the experimental group taught according the Flexible Grouping Strategy  , and Division (c) to represent the second experimental group which studied according Three Step Interview strategy and Division (b ) to represent the control group taught in the traditional method, the number of students (99) students of (33) female students in each division. T

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 29 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Nanoscience
Detection of Silica in Rice Husks Using Laser-Induced Plasma and Studying the Effect of Laser Energy on the Parameters of the Produced Plasma
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This study aims to analyze the spectral properties of plasma produced from rice husk(Rh) using the laser breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method. The plasma generation process used the fundamental harmonic (1064 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a man-made crystalline material. The laser fired pulses with a duration of 10 ns and a repetition rate of 6 Hz. Thus, the energy outputs achieved were 50–200 mJ at the wavelength of 1064 (nm). The silica content in the rice hulls was verified using an XRF measurement, which revealed the presence of silica in the rice hulls in a high percentage. Precise beam focusing was achieved by focusing the laser on the target material. This target material is placed with

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Psychosocial Rehabilitation
The use of physical exercises specialized for with aids of developing explosive power for arms and legs and their effect on free throw and jump shooting skills for advanced basketball players
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The research aims to develop physical exercises with auxiliary training tools that work to develop the explosive power of the arms and legs, and then find out their effect on the accuracy of shooting from free throw and correction from jumping of advanced basketball players, as the researchers found a problem that these players have weakness in the skill of throwing Free throwing and shooting by jumping calculated with two points as a result of adopting unhealthy physical and technical positions, which led to a lack of focus and accuracy, and thus negatively affected the performance technique of free throw and jump shot, as most teams use traditional exercises without the use of auxiliary training tools, and this topic gave researchers the

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Publication Date
Sun May 30 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology,
Effect of Diabetes and Hypertension on Right Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Variable Spectral Waveform Indices And Parameters in Relation To Age for Iraqi Patients
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Background: Arterial stiffness is related with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease events. Patients with atherosclerotic disease show to have larger diameters, reduced arterial compliance and lower flow velocities. Aim of study : To compare between patients of two age groups with concomitant diseases diabetes and hypertension in regard to intima media thickness and blood flow characteristics in order to estimate the blood perfusion to the brain via the common and internal carotid arteries. Subject and Methods : 40 patients with (diabetic and hypertension) diseases were enrolled , they were classified according to age. Color Doppler and B mode ultrasound was used to determine lumen Diameter (D), Intima – media thickness (IMT)

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Scopus
Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
North and north-eastern wind and its impact on the racial temperature and humidity in Iraq
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The study area is witnessing divergence where I am North wind North East wind as we find that the north wind is getting replicated as we move from the south, The reason can be attributed to the nature of the surface of the region, with at least repeat this wind the northern region to the presence of mountain ranges, while we find that energizes the surface in the center and south helped to increase repeat this wind gusts, It also finds that the North wind East prevail in the northern region and least replicated as we move from the north to the south and to the fact that North stations are within blowing this wind sites for the circles near the display of high pressure located centers to the north-east, north and distancing itself from pa

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Int. J. Adv. Res
Antibacterial activity of parsley and celery aqueous extract on the isolated bacteria from children UTI in Erbil city‏
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Studying Some Technical Indicators of the Local Manufactured Machine and Its Effect on the Wheat Crop “Tamuz cultivar”
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Abstract<p>The effect of compound machine on wheat "Tamuz cultivar" was studied based on some technical indicators which were tested under three practical speed (PS) of 2.015, 3.143, and 4.216 km.hr-1 and three tillage depth (TD) of 11, 13, and 15cm. The split-split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications was used. The results showed that the PS of 2.015km.hr-1 was major best than other two speed in all studied conditions, physical properties (SBD and TSP), mechanical parameters (FD, (DP and LAS), and yield and growth parameters (PVI, BY and HI). The TD of 11cm was major effect to the other two levels TD of 13 and TD of 15cm in all studied conditions. All interactions were significant, </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 12 2024
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Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics And Optoelectronics
Numerical study of single-layer and interlayer grating polarizers based on metasurface structures for quantum key distribution systems
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Polarization is an important property of light, which refers to the direction of electric field oscillations. Polarization modulation plays an essential role for polarization encoding quantum key distribution (QKD). Polarization is used to encode photons in the QKD systems. In this work, visible-range polarizers with optimal dimensions based on resonance grating waveguides have been numerically designed and investigated using the COMSOL Multiphysics Software. Two structures have been designed, namely a singlelayer metasurface grating (SLMG) polarizer and an interlayer metasurface grating (ILMG) polarizer. Both structures have demonstrated high extinction ratios, ~1.8·103 and 8.68·104 , and the bandwidths equal to 45 and 55 nm for th

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