Global technological advancements drive daily energy consumption, generating additional carbon-induced climate challenges. Modifying process parameters, optimizing design, and employing high-performance working fluids are among the techniques offered by researchers for improving the thermal efficiency of heating and cooling systems. This study investigates the heat transfer enhancement of hybrid “Al2O3-Cu/water” nanofluids flowing in a two-dimensional channel with semicircle ribs. The novelty of this research is in employing semicircle ribs combined with hybrid nanofluids in turbulent flow regimes. A computer modeling approach using a finite volume approach with k-ω shear stress transport turbulence model was used in these simu

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disorder that affects women of various ages and impacts all aspects of life. This condition negatively influences quality of life. Fractional CO₂ laser (10600nm) is the recent method for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional CO₂ laser (10600nm) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. Materials & Methods: This study was done from July 2020 to February 2021conducted at the laser institute for postgraduate studies university of Baghdad, patients collected from a private clinic and the Department of

Background: Arylesterase activity of Paraoxonase-1 (ARE-PON-1) exhibits an antioxidant role which protects lipoprotein from oxidation. It is known that ARE-PON-1 antioxidant activity associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reduces the oxidative damage mediated by low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The present study was aimed to examine the level of serum ARE-PON1 in Iraqi patients with β-thalassemia minor and its relationship with lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), and LDL-C) and hematologic changes as a part of antioxidant system action. Methods: In the present study, the ARE-PON-1 activity was investigated in serum of patients with β-thalassemia minor. Resu

The world is moving towards greening business in general and production systems in particular. At the same time, economic units seek to enhance their productivity and find any variables that can contribute to improving their elements. Economic units should not ignore the green dimension of cost management techniques because of its role in containing the green dimension of the production system and the product. However the few researches dealt with the subject of the green kaizen showed its role in reducing costs and improving the environment. Those researches did not address its contribution to raising the level of productivity. Productivity is an important indicator of economic units that expresses their level of success and progre

This study was aimed to monitor oral zinc sulfate role on local cervical proinflammatory cytokines in HPV-infected women comparing with these cytokines before treatment application. A cervical secretion got from 28 infected women before and after treatment with zinc sulfate, these samples assessed various markers of inflammation including interleukin-1β, IL-8, and IL-12. Results manifested that improve and clear the cervical HPV infections after three months of zinc treatment 46.43% and 21.43%, respectively. Viral infections with single and multiple HPV high-risk types are raising of studied cytokines after 3-month compared with single HPV low-risk type. Moreover, this increasing was statistically significant only in IL-12 and IL-1. Women

BACKGROUND: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is an endemic disease in Iraq. Variations in presentations make it a diagnostic challenge. If untreated or treated inappropriately then it is a serious disease with potentially life-threatening complications. The recent emergence of drug resistant strains of S. Typhi is a rising public health problem and a clinical concern to the physician. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess and describe the patterns of antimicrobial resistance, clinical characteristics, epidemiological distribution, and complications of typhoid fever. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of typhoid fever (culture proven) were collected during the period from February 2019 to November 2019 in the me

Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain classes of pollutants from waters, especially those that are not easily biodegradable. Dyes represent one of the problematic groups. The removal of methyl green from waste water using bamboo was studied in batch and continuous system. In batch system equilibrium time and adsorption isotherm was studied at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm) and 50 mg weight of adsorbent.
Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied for adsorption isotherm data. Langmiur equation was fitted better than Freundlich equation (R2=0.984 for Langmuir equation).The maximum percentage dye removal obtained 79.4% and adsorption capacity was 15.5 mg/g. For continuous system the breakthr

A lot of previous studies are concerned with the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plants because it considered cheap and are believed to possess minimal side effects. Leucaena leucocephala didn’t evaluate globally for its anti-inflammatory effect yet though some of it’s already separated and identified secondary metabolites were studied and proved to exert many pharmacological activities besides their effect on lowering the pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6. So, there was an interest to evaluate the biological effect of Leucaena leucocephala as a novel anti-inflammatory agent was the first motivation to start an in vivo study using a rat population. The N-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts were cho