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Optimizing performance of water-cooled photovoltaic-thermal modules: A 3D numerical approach
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To evaluate and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic solar modules connected with linear pipes for water supply, a three-dimensional numerical simulation is created and simulated via commercial software (Ansys-Fluent). The optimization utilizes the principles of the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics by employing the Response Surface Method (RSM). Various design parameters, including the coolant inlet velocity, tube diameter, panel dimensions, and solar radiation intensity, are systematically varied to investigate their impacts on energetic and exergitic efficiencies and destroyed exergy. The relationship between the design parameters and the system responses is validated through the development of a predictive model. Both single and multi-objective optimizations are performed using the predictive model to optimize the thermal and electrical productivity under different scenarios. The findings indicate the significance of the thermal exergy effectiveness, as evidenced by its low P-value for all solar system responses, indicating its crucial role in the predictive model. For single-objective optimization, the desirability is equal to 1 in cases where only heat transfer efficiency, whole energy effectiveness, or thermal exergy efficiency is maximized or only destroyed exergy is minimized. The improvements in energy and exergy efficiencies range from 3.55% to 69.13%, with the amount of destroyed exergy reduced by 81.47% compared to the base case. For multi-objective optimization, desirability values exceeding 0.829 and 0.655 are obtained for single and multi-objective scenarios, respectively, indicating that the expected performance is within desirable limits. The findings provide valuable insights for designing high-efficiency photovoltaic/thermal systems and addressing their challenges and limitations.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of managing employees' performance in building intellectual capital Analytical study of the views of a sample of heads of scientific departments At the University of Kirkuk
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The research aims to identify the impact of managing performance's employees in building intellectual capital, Because employing the practice of managing the performance of employees may acquire familiar skills to improve their performance and reflect on the construction of intellectual capital in the surveyed area, Especially that the independent dimension represented by the management of the performance of employees is one of the important topics that has received attention in the world of management in general and human resource management in particular.  While the adopted dimension was represented by Intellectual capital in the important practice of human resource management in the increasing of  their knowledge, to

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Moral Intelligence of Internal Auditors in Support of the Performance of Internal Audit Process - Study for Opinions of a Sample of Internal Auditors in Iraq
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Abstract

      The  aim of  the research to define the concept of moral intelligence and its dimensions and its relationship to some personal characteristics with the internal auditors and identify the importance of the employment of moral intelligence dimensions of (empathy, conscience, self- control, respect, kindness, tolerance, fairness) in the internal audit and the extent of support for the performance of the internal audit process in light of these dimensions. And that by answering the following question : Is there a role for moral intelligence  of  internal auditors in support the performance of internal audit process ? How are employ these dimensions i

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Publication Date
Wed May 29 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Effect of sulfuric acid solution on thermal conductivity and impact strength of epoxy resin reinforced by silicon dioxide powder
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In this search, Ep/SiO2 at (3, 6, 9, 12 %) composites is prepared by hand Lay-up method, to measure the change in the thermal conductivity and Impact Strength of epoxy resin before and after immersion in H2SO4 Solution with a 0.3N for 10 days. The results before immersion decreases with the increase of the weight ratios of the reinforcement material (SiO2), It changed from (82.6×10-2 to 38.7×10-2 W/m.°C) with change weight ratios from (3 to 12) % respectively, but after immersion time in the chemical solution where it was (65.6×10-2 W/m.°C) at the weight ratios (6 %) and became (46.6 × 10-2 W/m.°C) after immersion in sulfuric acid. The results of the Impact strength decreased by increasing the percentage weight ratio, it changed f

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Alloys And Compounds
Probing the effects of thermal treatment on the electronic structure and mechanical properties of Ti-doped ITO thin films
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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Effect of the Thickness and Annealing Temperature on the Structural Properties of Thin CdS Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation
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A thin CdS Films have been evaporated by thermal evaporation technique with different thicknesses (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000Å) and different duration times of annealing (60, 120 180 minutes) under 573 K annealing temperature, the vacuum was about 8 × 10-5 mbar and substrate temperature was 423 K. The structural properties of the films have been studied by X- ray diffraction technique (XRD). The crystal growth became stronger and more oriented as the film thickness (T) and duration time of annealing ( Ta) increases.

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2008
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The effect of Aluminum Oxide, Iron Oxide on the thermal conductivity of (Epoxy-Aluminum Oxide, Epoxy-Iron Oxide) Composites
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Thermal conductivity for epoxy composites filled with Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are
calculated, it found that increasing the weight ratio of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 lead to
increase in the values of thermal conductivity, but the epoxy composite filled with
Fe2O3, have values of thermal conductivity less than for epoxy composite filled with
Al2O3, for the same weight ratio. Also thermal conductivity calculated for epoxy
composites by contact to every two specimens (like sandwich) content same weight
ratio of alumina-oxide and ferrite-oxide, its found that the value of thermal
conductivity lays between the values of epoxy filled Al2O3 and of epoxy filled Fe2O3

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
INTERACTION EFFECTS OF HYDRODYNAMICALLY FULLY DEVELOPED PRIMARY FLOW AND SECONDARY FLOW IN THE THERMAL ENTRANCE REGION OF ANNULAR DUCT
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Experiments have been conducted to study the local and average heat transfer by mixed
convection for hydrodynamically fully developed, thermally developing and fully developed
laminar upward air flow in an inclined annulus with adiabatic inner cast iron tube and uniform
heated outer aluminum tube with an aspect ratio ( Ω = 0.72) and (L/Dh≈40) for both calming and
test sections). A wide range of Reynolds number from 859 to 2024 has been covered, and heat
flux has been varied from 159 W/m2 to 812 W/m2 (these values of heat flux and Reynolds
number gave Richardson number range from 0.03 to 0.٣٨), with angles of annulus inclination
φ =0o (horizontal position), φ =60o (inclined position), and φ =90o (vertical posi

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 16 2020
Journal Name
Polymer Bulletin
Fabrication and evaluation of structural, thermal, mechanical and optical behavior of epoxy–TEOS/MWCNTs composites for solar cell covering
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectroscopic Studies and Thermal Analysis of New Azo Dyes Ligands and their Complexes with some Transition of Metal Ions
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New Azo ligands HL1 [2-Hydroxy-3-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-1-naphth aldehyde] and HL2 [3-((1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde] have been synthesized from reaction (2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) and (5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol) for HL1 and (4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one) for HL2. Then, its metal ions complexes are synthesized with the general formula; [CrHL1Cl3(H2O)], [VOHL1(SO4)] [ML1Cl(H2O)] where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), and general formula; [Cr(L2)2 ]Cl and [M(L2)2] where M = VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) are reported. The ligands and their metal complexes are characterized by phisco- chemical spectroscopic

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study the effect of thermal annealing on some physical properties of thin Cu2SiO3 films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
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The Cu2SiO3 composite has been prepared from the binary compounds (Cu2O, and SiO2) with high purity by solid state reaction. The Cu2SiO3 thin films were deposited at room temperature on glass and Si substrates with thickness 400 nm by pulsed laser deposition method. X-ray analysis showed that the powder of Cu2SiO3 has a polycrystalline structure with monoclinic phase and preferred orientation along (111) direction at 2θ around 38.670o which related to CuO phase. While as deposited and annealed Cu2SiO3 films have amorphous structure. The morphological study revealed that the grains have granular and elliptical shape, with average diameter of 163.63 nm. The electrical properties which represent Hall effect were investigated. Hall coeffici

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