Eight isolates of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (SA40,SA32,SA30,SA13,SA10,SA36,SA3 and SA7) with different resistance phenotypes  to macrolides , lincosamides and streptogramins Were used to detect theexpression of msrA, msrB, and linA/linA’genesby using  real time polymerase chain reaction before and after treatment with antibiotics (erythromycin , clarithromycin , clindamycin and lincomycin) calibrated with triosphosphateisomerase.There highst expression of these genes was after 18 hours. It was  an induction in the expression of msrA gene in isolates (SA40,SA32,SA30 and SA13) in presence of erythromycin,however,the  isolates showed reduction in expression l

Background: Multi- drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus infections have become a major public health concern in both hospital and community settings.Objective: to investigate the antibacterial activity of T. Foenum- groecum essential oil against skin infection with S. aureus and to study probable synergistic activity in combination with Clindamycin.Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Antibacterial activity of T. Foenum- groecum essential oil extract (1.2gm/100 µl) was investigated in multi- drug resistance (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus specimen isolated from patients with skin infection in Baghdad. T. Foenum- groecum use externally for cellulites and skin inflammation due to the presence of diosgenin .fast liq

Objective: In this study ,the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)were investigated on the liver and kidney tissues. Methodology: The produced nanoparticles have an average particle size of about 30 nm. Eighteen male albino rats were used by dividing them into three groups, each group comprise 6 rats. First group(control group) given food and water like other groups by liberty. Second group was tail injected by (AgNPs) at dose of (0.4 mg/kg. body weight/day). Third group was injected by (AgNPs) at dose of (0.6 mg/kg. body weight/day) for 15 days. All animals were sacrified at the end of experiment. The liver and kidney tissues specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and histological preparations were carried out then stained with H&E. Path

Since decades silver was depended worldwide as a treatment to a lot of diseases
ranging from burn infections, anthrax, and typhoid fever to bacterial conjunctivitis
in stillbirth, but its effectiveness against biofilms is still undetermined. Salmonella is
a major cause of food poisoning outbreaks especially in the third world countries.
Thus, in the present study; the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-
NPs) against Salmonella enterica biofilm was examined; their activity was
compared with amino acid; D-Glycin and imipenem antibiotic. The result of the
study revealed that Ag-NPs exhibited considerable antimicrobial property against
Salmonella enterica biofilm where the minimum inhibitory concentrat

In this research, Argon gas was used to generate atmospheric plasma in the manufacture of platinum nanomaterials, to study the resultant plasma spectrum and to calculate the cellular toxicity of those manufactured nanomaterials. This research is keen on the generation of nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma using aqueous platinum salts (H₂PtCl₆ 6H₂O) with different concentrations and exposure of cold plasma with a different time period used to produce platinum nanoparticles, to ensure typical preparation of nanoparticles. Visible UV and X-rays were performed for this purpose, and the diameter of the system probe was (1[Formula: see text]mm) with the Argon gas flow of

     Antimicrobial resistance is considered a problem for public health globally. New forms of resistance mechanisms are developing and spreading daily around the world. For that reason, a potential method for overcoming the antimicrobial resistance of several pathogens that cause deadly infections is the use of silver nanoparticles. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs conjugated with lincomycin were synthesized and characterized. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs alone and after conjugating with lincomycin was also evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to determine the morphological properties of AgNPs and AgNPs-lincomycin, which showed the a

Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis isolated from raw milk was used for titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles biosynthesis. Biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (1.97 nm), X-ray diffraction (XRD) appa-ratus, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray anal-ysis (EDX) spectra and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Result was 408.21 cm-1 that belong to anatase Titania. L. lactis ssp. Lactis isolates had the ability to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, the characterization results presented that the biosynthesized nanoparti-cles were at wavelength (344-347) nm; approving the formation of anatase phase of TiO2 NPs; spherical c

Ethanol as a solvent, a precursor of titanium isopropoxide and a stabilizer of either hydrochloric acid or ammonium hydroxide was used to prepare a titanium dioxide aqueous solution. The aqueous solutions with different values of pH and the morphology of the resultant reaction of the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide were investigated. The X-ray diffraction showed that at low temperatures and with acidic solutions, rutile structures are more favorable to grow on titanium dioxide synthesized, while at low and average temperatures and with base solutions, anatase phase is more pronounced. The crystalline form and the re-confirmation of the crystallite size growth were observed by the scanning electron microscopy. The atomi

Graphite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using mixture of H2O2/NH4OH with three steps of oxidation. The process of oxidations were analysis by XRD and optics microscopic images which shows clear change in particle size of graphite after every steps of oxidation. The method depend on treatments the graphite with H2O2 in two steps than complete the last steps by reacting with H2O2/NH4OH with equal quantities. The process did not reduces the several sheets for graphite but dispersion the aggregates of multi-sheets carbon when removed the Van Der Waals forces through the oxidation process.