Globalisation and rapid environmental change have created many challenges for public and private organisations across Iraq as a developing country, particularly in the higher education sector. This includes, for example, decreases in government funding; increased demand for higher education; a need for economic transformation, and related competitiveness of organizations. Such challenges require exceptional leaders and strategic planning in order to take action to improve. In Iraq, the higher education sector is still one of the main foundations in progressing the knowledge economy. Studies into leadership style, strategic planning processes, and the importance of leadership and organisational culture to an organisation’s success have been used to assist both public and private Iraqi colleges in responding to the challenges they face. Although, some studies have examined the interaction between leadership and strategic planning, and leadership and organisational success, there has been no empirical study that has investigated how these three variables interact together. Thus, this study aimed, firstly, to identify the current leadership styles and strategic planning processes in the colleges and the challenges they faced, and to gain an understanding from the perspective of the senior leaders themselves as to how they might best respond to the current situation. Secondly, based on the participants’ experiences, knowledge and perceptions, the study aimed to identify implications for both practice and policy to help improve the colleges’ outcomes. The study involved a mixed-methods approach and was conducted in two stages. During the first stage, the researcher gathered quantitative data by administering a survey package to 129 leaders (deans, associate deans, and heads of departments) across both public and private colleges in the capital city of Baghdad. During the second stage, the researcher gathered qualitative data to more deeply explore the survey results by conducting individual interviews with a sub-sample of 21 leaders from both college types (ten public and 11 private). In the data analyses stages, both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were applied to compiling tables and charts, and to test hypotheses, by employing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Microsoft Excel, and NVivo. The results of study showed that both transformational and transactional leadership styles played a varied and vital role in the colleges’ strategic planning processes, and in turn their success. The fact that private colleges were ‘for profit’ and public colleges were ‘not for profit’, as well as their contrasting funding models, highlighted key differences between the two college types’ leadership and general modus operandi. While it was found that both transformative leadership and transactional leadership styles were necessary to address the challenges colleges faced in the Iraqi educational context, the impetus for change extended far beyond the need for professional development of leaders. The embracing of information communication technologies, and reliable Internet was seen as necessary in all aspects of the colleges’ work and provision for teaching and learning, and students’ success. This applied to both college types along with the need for closer adherence to government regulations and more focused government coordination of colleges’ administrative functions. Furthermore, implications for making successful improvements to practice also identified the need to manage the challenge of sociocultural influences on the appointments and promotions of leaders. It was concluded that a greater emphasis on teamwork and provision of incentives for staff, along with a ‘boost’ to pedagogy and practice, which could be provided through the adoption of information communication technologies and appropriate professional development strategies, would enhance the colleges’ ranks and the status of their qualifications. Also, theoretically, the study offers a value-add to leadership, strategic planning process, and organisational success literature in the form of a conceptual model that links these variables in the context of Iraqi higher education sector.
This research studied the effect of magnetized water in concrete preparation and its effect on the presenting of cement in concrete mixtures also to find the ability of reducing the amount of cement in preparing one cubic meter, this is not exceed than 10% in one mixture , The experiments showed the preparation of standard cubes from the concrete which was used two kind of water magnetized water which was prepared by passing the tap water through the systems of different magnetic strength in terms of (6000,9000) Gauss and the ordinary water . The velocity of water through the magnetic field, which gives us the highest value for the compressive strength, was up to 1m/sec. to determine the best magnetic intensity, we examined The comp
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The research aims to study the extent of the influence of the dimensions of sensory marketing on the perceptual mental image of customers, knowing the type of relationships that link the dimensions of sensory marketing with each other, no one from the researcher mentioned (as far as the researcher knows) the link between sensory marketing and mental image, from this point of view the main goal is determined, the effect of sensory marketing on the mental image taken from customers, as the research was conducted on a number of first-class restaurants represented (Chef City, Chili House, Mado, Fried Chicken Saj Alreef) and the research community was represented by the customers of the aforementioned restaurants, a
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Receipt date:3/13/2021 accepted date:5/26/2021 Publication date:12/31/2021
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
energy is one of the strategic resources within international politics, and this is through the existing competition between the international powers on it, and the global powers have begun to rely on interest in new areas, such as import, depending on new projects an
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A field study aimed to improve administrative performance of the Heads of Departments in Wasit University in light of the administrative functions, a questionnaire constructed was c of 38 items, as have been applied during the academic year 2014/2015 to a group of experts from the deans and assistants, professors and heads of departments using the Delphi method by two rounds the adoption rate of 90% and an agreement was numbered 30 experts and study reached important results have been analyzed and discussed according to fields of study, a planning, organization and direction.
This study involved the effect of the aqueous extracts of two plants, Origanum vulgare L.(1), Trigonella Foenum Graecum L. (Fenugreek) seeds(2) on the growth of cancer cell lines. Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) of human cell line and female intestine cells of Albino mice (L20B) in vitro System. These extracts were compared with the known anticancer drug Cis-platinum(Cis-Pt) as a positive control. The phytochemical tests were used for screening the active compounds in plants. The inhibition activity assay was used as a parameter of the cytotoxic effect of these extracts. Cancer cell lines were treated with four concentrations of Cis-platin, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 ?g/ml for 72 hour exposure time. The same concentrations were used for the other ext
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A discussion about the repercussions of the exchange rate on the behavior of stock markets became one of the basic principles of financial economics. The Istanbul Stock Exchange , considered one of the fastest financial markets growing in the region, driven by solid economic activity, for a diversified economy which classified as one of the the fastest growing economies in the world. However, the aforementioned market witnessed sharp fluctuations in the past few months, coinciding with the continuous fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Turkish lira, posing a serious challenge to the economic and investment environment in a c
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shoulder joint by preparing special exercises for the youth-category wrestling, and through the researchers' follow-up to the wrestling game and their work in the field of rehabilitation and physical therapy, noticing that most of the wrestling players suffer from the shoulder joint pain despite their visit to the specialist doctor and take Treatment, so the researchers saw to study this problem and restore the recovery of the injured through special exercises and a suitable qualification program for the shoulder joint muscles, the goal of research in preparing special exercises and knowing its effect on the rehabilitation of the background muscle of the shoulder for the youth wrestling category. The researchers assumed that there are stati
... Show MoreThe importance of culture moot ( visual ) in the community , serves as the conceptual basis for the technical and aesthetic awareness , as all the fields of art represents a kind of social consciousness can not be separated from the practice of performance and awareness of it. That the link between what you do image that expresses the cognitive aspects and performance , and what is reflected on the receiver by turning the event into a set of symbols and meanings that have a correlation relationship to society , education, and other fields. Therefore must provide " material conditions and psychological " that helps the learner to interact effectively and with the active elements of the learning environment in the classroom and gain
The goal of the research is to identify the effectiveness of using a proposed strategy according to the Fraunhofer model of knowledge management in mathematics achievement for second-grade female students in middle and high schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Al-Karkh II. The objective was to prove the following null hypothesis: "The average scores of the experimental group who will study with the proposed strategy according to the Fraunhofer model and the scores of the control group students who will study in the usual way in the mathematics achievement test are not statistically significant different at the significance level (0.05)." The General Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Karkh
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