The notion of presupposition has been tackled by many linguists. They have found that the term ―presupposition” is being used in two different senses in the literature: semantic and pragmatic. As for semantic sense, Geurts (1999) has isolated some constrictions as sources of presupposition by making lists of presupposition triggers. Concerning the pragmatic sense Kennan (1971:89) uses the term pragmatic presupposition to refer to a class of pragmatic inferences which are, in fact, the relation between a speaker and the appropriateness of a sentence in the context. In spite of the fact that there are many researches that have been done in the field of presupposition but few of them in the field of short stories up to the researcher's knowledge therefore, the study of this story bridges this gap. It is hypothesized that Edgar Allen Poe has dealt in some way with triggers of presupposition to analyze Poe's short story "The Black cat". The researcher will adopt Geurts (1999) model of presupposition analysis to study these triggers. The analysis of this story has shown that Poe heavily depends on Definite descriptions have ranked first scoring one hundred ninety two occurance, this means that this trigger has effect on the story. The second trigger Non-restrictive clauses scored thirty nine and the third rank has been occupied by Adverbial clauses that reoccurred twenty two times in the studied example. The fourth rank has been for Comparative expression which occurred twelve times. The fifth rank is taken for iteratives which reoccurred six times. The sixth ranked are factice items are occurred four times. Counter factual conditional occurs twice. Counter factual verbs occurs twice, Cleft constructions, and Conventional items (1) but implicative verbs, change of state verbs, Verbs of judging, Wh-questions have no scored in the short story. This research comes to the conclusion that one of the problems in assessing the nature of presupposition in linguistics is that there is no one concept of presupposition, but several different triggers, all of which have been related to the word of presupposition
This research aims at to identify the extent to which creative thinking skills Impact the change &development of Administrative Leadership styles In Administrative Leadership of the Medical City Department. Identify the nature of the relationship between them, determine the prevailing leadership style, &measure the level of creative thinking skills they have. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical method was adopted.
The research tool consisted of a questionnaire consisting of (61) paragraphs, in addition to the interview & observation. The research sample consisted of (170) administrative leaders in the upper &middle organizational levels. The
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The aim of the research is to reveal the reality of teacher performance evaluation in the Sultanate of Oman in light of some global models. The study followed a qualitative descriptive research design. Seven forms of teacher formative and summative assessments were analyzed. Besides, an analytical template was developed, consisting of six areas related to the teaching performance of teachers. These included: lesson planning and preparation, learning environment, education, professional development, student academic, and community and parental partnership. The study reached a number of results; the most notable is the lack of change of forms for more than a decade despite the rapid development of the educational system in the sultanate in
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(1)
The research aims to explain the role of cloud computing technology in facilitating the application of international financial reporting standards in Iraqi banks, by preparing a checklist that included a set of paragraphs to measure the level of application of IFRSs. In those banks and then the need to use cloud computing technology, and the researchers reached a set of conclusions, including, that cloud computing technology has a role in facilitating the application of international financial reporting standards in the banks, the research sample, because of the ease it provides in preparing and saving accounting information and the possibility of accessing it in any time and from any place where the Internet service is available. T
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(1)
research aim :
- The research aimed to investigate the effect of two treatment
methods in the gaining of fourth grade students in geography
object.
- Research hypothesis
there are no statistically significant differences at the level of ( 0.05 )
in the average level of achievement in geography between the first
experimental group ( strengthening lessons ) and the second group
( re- teaching )
no individual differences statically significant at the level of ( 0.05 )
in the average level achievement in geography object of the second
experimental group ( re- teaching ) and the first experimental group
( strengthening lesson )
the research sample : the researcher selected randomly Baghdad
The current research aims to find out the effect of strategic sensitivity in enhancing organizational immunity at the leadership levels in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, as the strategic sensitivity variable includes two dimensions (strategic foresight and strategic Insight), and the organizational immunity variable addresses three dimensions (organizational learning, organizational memory and organizational DNA). The main purpose of this research was related to the extent to which the Ministry’s immunity was achieved through the role played by strategic sensitivity. A sample of (349) individuals was selected . The questionnaire was relied upon to collect data, and the number of questionnaires suitable for analysis was (330). Re
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Abstract
The labeled research deal with (Entrepreneurship Organizations In the framework of strategic leadership practices: Field research in the Ministry of Oil), Search over the possibility of the influence of the practices of strategic leadership Which include
(Determine the strategic direction, The discovery of the fundamental estimators and maintain it, The development of the human capital, and Maintaining of an organizational culture influential, and Find a balanced regulatory Control) In a Entrepreneurship in its dimensions and its (innovation, risk, pre-emptive and independence) On group of heads of departments and authorities
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(3)
The provision of electric power is necessary for the advancement of the country's economy. It is the main engine of the economy and its various activities. It is an indicator of social welfare and it is considered as the basic pillars for achieving sustainable development (economic, social, environmental and institutional) by raising the levels of performance and meeting local needs. The problem of research was the absence of a program to audit the performance of the electricity sector contributes to ensure the application of sustainable development. The research was based on the hypothesis that the preparation of a proposed program to audit the performance of the electricity sector contributes to the achievement of The researchers sough
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This research –paper tack les some of matters relating to marriageability of the young man who has not attained discretion. the aim of this study is to highlight the religious precepts concerned. the religious missive to this effect reads; ''all praise be to Allah ,lord of the world ;I witness that there is no god but Allah, the sole and only, to him all creation is attributed. He taught man with pen, and all that he does not know, so exalted is he, and I witness that Mohammed is his servant and messenger, the master of all messengers and the seal of all prophets who was entrusted with a message of march to all mankind. May the blessings of Allah be to him, his household and companions. Until the day of Judgement. "this missive i
... Show MoreThe dividends is one of difficult and important decisions taken by the administration in the economic units, because this decision has a direct impact on the investor and economic unit, so the main objective of any investor is achieve earnings, as well as information borne by dividends about the earnings quality of the economic unit and the level and efficiency of management to achieving earnings.
The research aims at explaining the effect of the dividends policy on the earnings quality in the companies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The Miller model was used to measu
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ان من اهم القضايا التي تثيرها المعرفة البشرية في تجلياتها، وتعبيراتها المفاهيمية، تكمن في مدى تأصلها وانتمائها الى البنى والتشكيلات الموضوعية (في مستوياتها التاريخية) التي تسعى لتفسيرها وادراكها ومضاهاتها. فالينبوع الذي يغرف منه الفكر مادته هو الكيان الاجتماعي المتموضع خارج الوعي والايدولوجيا.
ان قدرة الوعي على ادراك الواقع الموضوعي بخصائصه العامة يشكل الشرط الضروري لاكتساب الوعي ل
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