Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) known to be transmitted through blood and blood products and has been implicated as a major cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide.
Objective: This study aim to detect the relationship between the HBV and HCV infections with ABO blood groups and age of blood donor in Al- Ramadi city.
Patients & Methods: We conducted Hepatitis B surface antigen test strip (ACON Laboratories) (USA) and HCVAb, as step to detect the infections among blood donors at the laboratories for central blood bank in Alanbar health directory, M.O.H. The results of this study were analyzed statistically using the T-test to find the significance of&nbs

The study aims to examine the emotional innovation, constructive thinking, foresight, and meditation among university students. Besides, attempts to explore the relationship between emotional innovation and constructive thinking, the relationship between emotional innovation and foresight, and meditation, the relationship between constructive thinking and foresight, and meditation, finally, the relationship among emotional innovation, constructive thinking, foresight, and meditation of university students regarding the variables of gender and major. A total of (400) students were selected as a sample for the study. The results revealed that university students have a high level of emotional innovation that induce them to take positive ro

Background: Iraqi people have endured an excess burden of morbidity’ and mortality during the last two decades due to wars and sanctions. This report M’as carried out to assess the nutritional status of first year primary school children.
Methods: A total of3881 school children in Balad district in Salahadin govemorate was included in the study. Age, height and weight were recorded. Malnutrition was regarded as value of less than 2 SD of the reference value.
Results: Among the total sample, 16.5%, 20.06% and 15.3% were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. No significant difference was detected in malnutrition rates between both sexes. Conclusion: High rates of malnutrition were detected among school children.

<

Background: Mental health of children has recently been
receiving increased attention in many parts of the world.
However, such attention has been lacking in developing
countries, particularly in the form of systematic research
Aim: The study aimed to find out the frequency of
behavior disorders in a sample of primary school children
and the different social and demographic factors that might
be related to this disorder.
Methods: The study is a cross-sectional one that included
918 primary school pupils in both urban and rural areas of
Baghdad. Rutter's questionnaire teacher's version was used
to assess the pupils, and the demographic data was obtained
by special questionnaire sent to the parents to be

Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of tooth shape ratio on mandibular incisor arrangement. Materials and methods: The sample included dental casts of some dental students and orthodontic patients having Class I dental and skeletal patterns with normal occlusion and severe crowding. The sample was divided into two groups according to the severity of crowding into: group I had Class I normal occlusion with mild or no crowded mandibular dentition and group II had Class I malocclusion with severe crowded mandibular dentition. Each group comprising of 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females). The mesio-distal and facio-lingual crown diameters were measured manually for each cast using modified vernier caliper gauge. Descriptive sta

Bedsore (pressure ulcers)is a major nurse-careoutcome. There are many influences that can contribute to the progress of pressure ulcers, but the final common pathway to ulceration is tissue ischemia. This study aimed to detect some etiological factors that predispose to bedsore. The study was conducted on patients attending intensive care departments. Out of 82 inpatients who suffered from pressure ulcer, 54were males and 28were females. Specimens were collected during the period of September, 2019 –February, 2020 from different Hospitals (Alkadhimiya Teaching Hospital, General Hospital of AlshaheedAl-Sadr, and Medical City/ Ghazi Al-Hariri hospital) in Baghdad, Iraq. Simultaneously, other 20 specimens were collected as control fromin

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder that has an impact on general health, dental health and salivary composition. The mineralization of teeth happens simultaneously with that of the skeleton, but if mineral metabolism is disrupted, tooth failures will resemble those that affect bone tissue. Vitamin D plays a key role in bone and tooth mineralization.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on teeth decay in relation to salivary vitamin D among menopause in Baghdad city.

Subjects and Methods: This study was cross sectional study. The study group consists of

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor affecting young children.

Patients and Methods: A review of 32 children with retinoblastoma, diagnosed and treated at the Oncology Unit, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad from 1999 to 2006.

Objectives: To review the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of retinoblastoma in children treated at the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad.

Results: Among 32 patients, 56.25% were males and 43.75% were females with a median age of 34.5 months. Unilateral disease was observed in 19 patients. Leukocoria was the most common presenting feature. Advanced s

Cohesion is well known as the study of the relationships, whether grammatical and/or lexical, between the different elements of a particular text by the use of what are commonly called 'cohesive devices'. These devices bring connectivity and bind a text together. Besides, the nature and the amount of such cohesive devices usually affect the understanding of that text in the sense of making it easier to comprehend.  The present study is intendedto examine the use of grammatical cohesive devicesin relation to narrative techniques. The story of Joseph from the Holy Quran has been selected to be examined by using Halliday and Hasan's Model of Cohesion (1976, 1989). The aim of the study is to comparatively examine to what extent the type