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Analyzing and Measuring the Relationship between Public Spending and the Parallel Exchange Rate in the Iraqi Economy for the Period 2004-2022
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Public spending represents the government’s financial leverage and has a significant impact on real and monetary economic variables, and one of these effects is the effect of public spending on the exchange rate as an important monetary variable for monetary policy, As we know that public spending in Iraq is financed from oil revenues sold in US dollars, and the Ministry of Finance converts the US dollar into Iraqi dinars to finance the government's need to spend within the requirements and obligations of the state's general budget, And converting the US dollar into Iraqi dinars has an impact on the parallel exchange market, even if there is a contractual exchange rate between the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of Iraq to convert the budget dollar into Iraqi dinars. However, the impact of public spending on reserves makes financial shocks have a significant impact on the exchange rate. The researcher believes that there is a reciprocal relationship between the effect of public spending on the exchange rate and the impact of the exchange rate on public spending because the conversion compass between the dollar and the dinar leaves great effects on public spending in the state’s general budget, and this is what the researcher achieved by using modern standard software to discover the nature of the relationship between public spending and the price of Exchange in the parallel market with realistic monthly data taken from the official website of the Central Bank of Iraq.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Degree to which Islamic Education Teachers Employ the Strategy of Directed Discovery in Teaching to Develop Higher-Order Thinking Skills
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The study aimed to know the degree to which Islamic education teachers employ the strategy of directed discovery in teaching to develop higher thinking skills (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) among sixth-grade students at the basic stage in East Nile Province, Khartoum State - Sudan. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method, and adopted a questionnaire that consisted of (15) indicators representing the skills of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation as a tool of the study. A random sample of (175) Islamic education teachers was selected, from the Department of Basic Education. The data were analyzed according to the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, and the results of the study have shown that the u

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Canadian Journal Of Physics
Influence of the variation in the Hubbard parameter (<i>U</i>) on activation energies of CeO<sub>2</sub>-catalysed reactions
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Accurate description of thermodynamic, structural, and electronic properties for bulk and surfaces of ceria (CeO2) necessitates the inclusion of the Hubbard parameter (U) in the density functional theory (DFT) calculations to precisely account for the strongly correlated 4f electrons. Such treatment is a daunting task when attempting to draw a potential energy surface for CeO2-catalyzed reaction. This is due to the inconsistent change in thermo-kinetics parameters of the reaction in reference to the variation in the U values. As an illustrative example, we investigate herein the discrepancy in activation and reaction energies for steps underlying the partial and full hydrogenation of acetyl

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Proposal of Using Principle of Maximizing Entropy of Generalized Gamma Distribution to Estimate the Survival probabilities of the Population in Iraq
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In this research we been estimated the survival function for data suffer from the disturbances and confusion of Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey: IHSES II 2012 , to data from a five-year age groups follow the distribution of the Generalized Gamma: GG. It had been used two methods for the purposes of estimating and fitting which is the way the Principle of Maximizing Entropy: POME, and method of booting to nonparametric smoothing function for Kernel, to overcome the mathematical problems plaguing integrals contained in this distribution in particular of the integration of the incomplete gamma function, along with the use of traditional way in which is the Maximum Likelihood: ML. Where the comparison on the basis of the method of the Cen

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Law /al-nahrain University
The Content of the Contract – A Study in Light of French Legislative Decree No. 131-2016 Issued on 10 February 2016
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Of the new concepts introduced by the decree of the amendment of the French Civil Code No. 131-2016 issued on 10 February 2016, which raised a debate in jurisprudence both at the level of French jurisprudence or the Arab, the concept of (the content of the contract), which seems to have emerged from the appearance of new legal articles ( 1162-1171) is the cornerstone of the contract and the contract in the contract, the two pillars which, over the course of 200 years and a half, have been one of the main pillars of the codification of Napoleon. Is that the decree of amendment has already abandoned these two pillars, or most of what he did is a change in terminology while preserving the content of these two pillars implicitly, this is what w

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 28 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Expressing the Bewilderment of the Modern Man through Silence in Samuel Beckett’s Happy Days: بسعاد ماهر محيل, ومنذر عبد الرزاق سبع
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Samuel Beckett’s Happy Days (1961) clearly portrays a lack of communication among the characters of the play which refers to the condition of modern man. This failure of communication led Samuel Beckett to use a lot of pauses and silences in all plays written instead of using words. To express the bewilderment of the modern man during the 20th century, Beckett adopts the use of no language strategy in the dramatic works. After World War II, people were without hope, religion, food, jobs, homes, or even countries. Beckett gave them a voice. He used a dramatic language out of everyday things, in which silence was part of the syntax as a poetic repetition. Language is no more important to the modern man; instead, he us

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Shift towards Digital Education According to Vision 2030 in Light of Some Variables from the Perspective of Workers with Disabilities
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The current study aimed to measure the attitudes of female teachers towards the use of digital learning and the degree of possessing their digital education skills. The study sample consisted of (180) workers with disabilities (mental disability، auditory impairment، visual disability، hyperactivity and distraction. To achieve the goals of the study, the transformation measure was used towards digital education for people with disabilities. The study reached the following results: the availability of digital learning skills among workers with disabilities. The study concluded with a series of recommendations including holding Training courses to keep up with the challenges of educational trends and modern technology in this area.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
the role of senior management commitment to total quality in the implementation of knowledge management processes_Asurvey of asample of civil colleges
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Occupies total quality management applications play a key role in the development of institutions of higher education performance and achieve its strategic objectives through the commitment of senior management and their employees to continuous improvement of the quality of performance in the various areas of work, and can be integrated knowledge management processes, which means identifying information of value and how to take advantage. The data were collected using the style of the questionnaire for the purpose of analyzing their results on a sample composed of 83 member of the administrative leadership in colleges as representing the decision-making centers in those colleges . 

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Role of Sox17 Gene Expression in Early Definition of Anterior Pole of the Rabbit Embryo at Early Pre-Gastrulation Stages
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The primitive streak and notochord and previously the anterior marginal crescent (AMC), anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) and the anterior hypoblast (AHB) are embryonic entities which identify main body axes and thus establish body plan in the early stages of embryonic development. All of the anterior pre-gastrulation differentiation structures are addressed terminology as anterior pre-gastrulation differentiation (APD). These structures are defined morphologically and are called in mouse (AVE), in rabbit (AMC) and in the pig (AHB). The anterior hypoblast cells of APD are higher and denser than at the opposite pole of the embryo. Moreover, the APD stretches variously between species and has different shapes in the mammalian embryos, for exam

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The Detection of Silent Celiac Disease In patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by the use of Anti Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies
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Objective: Detection the presumptive prevalence of silent celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with determination of which gender more likely to be affected.
Methods: One hundred twenty asymptomatic patients [75 male , 45 female] with type 1 diabetes mellitus with mean age ± SD of 11.25 ± 2.85 year where included in the study . All subjects were serologically screened for the presence of anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (anti-tTG antibodies) by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) & total IgA was also measured for all using radial immunodiffusion plate . Anti-tissue transglutaminase IgG was selectively done for patients who were expressing negative anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA with low tot

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 06 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Self-immuniztion: integration of Russian strategic performance a study in the geopolitical orientation circles "of the stage of president putin"n
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In the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Federal Republic of Russia witnessed a setback in the overall strategic performance of the country, as it went through a stage of performance flop between the orientation towards Europe in the era of President Boris Yelsen (1991-1999), or the change of direction towards Eurasia, as the Russian Federation managed After President Vladimir Putin assumed power in 2000, from rebuilding the same state and preserving national unity and social cohesion, as well as building a phased military doctrine that made clear moves in Russian strategic thought and future directions towards regions of eternal importance in Russian strategic perception Lack of a set of motivations based on it:

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