The influence of the reaction gas composition during the DC magnetron sputtering process on the structural, chemical and optical properties of Ce-oxide thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed that all thin films exhibited a polycrystalline character with cubic fluorite structure for cerium dioxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that cerium is present in two oxidation states, namely as CeO2 and Ce2O3, at the surface of the films prepared at oxygen/argon flow ratios between 0% and 7%, whereas the films are completely oxidized into CeO2 as the aforementioned ratio increases beyond 14%. Various optical parameters for the thin films (including an optical band gap in the range of 2.25–3.

This study seeks to address the impact of marketing knowledge dimensions (product, price, promotion, distribution) on the organizational performance in relation to a number of variables which are (efficiency, effectiveness, market share, customer satisfaction), and seeks to reveal the role of marketing knowledge in organizational performance.

In order to achieve the objective of the study the researcher has adopted a hypothetical model that reflects the logical relationships between the variables of the study. In order to reveal the nature of these relationships, several hypotheses have been presented as tentative solutions and this study seeks to verify the validity of these hypotheses.

Planning for a city with human identity considers the needs of human being that exist in the traditional cities where it was so easy creating place there, on the other hand, modern cities refuse these values and reduce the human characters of urban fabric elements , and the searching for the concept of " Urban Coherence " considers the knowledge about urban theory, especially Morphological attitudes finding three sides of making the coherence of dense urban fabric which are " Functional Complementarily , Formal Complementarily ,

Contextual complementarily “and the differentiation of these sides within the variety of spatial structural patterns between the organic type of traditional city and the gridiron type of modern city. To

The synthesis of the bisaldehyde ligand 2-(1,1-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indol-2-ylidene)malonaldehyde (B) and its coordinated compounds with Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions are reported. The synthetic route of B was completed by adopting the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. This was based on the mixing of 1,1,2-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole with phosphoryl trichloride and N, N-dimethylformamide (anhydrous) that gave the aminomethylenemalondialdehyde. The use of POCl3 and DMF was aimed to give the Vilsmeier-Haack intermediate, which was kept at 5°C and then heated with stirring at 85°C. The addition of an aqueous NaOH solution (35%) to the reaction mixture resulted in the isolation of B. The monomeric coordinated comp

Optical properties of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) thin films which were prepared by pulse laser deposition method, onto glass substrates. Different laser energy (500-900) mJ were used to obtain Cr2O3 thin films with thickness ranging from 177.3 to 372.4 nm were measured using Tolansky method. Then films were annealed at temperature equal to 300 °C. Absorption spectra were used to determine the absorption coefficient of the films, and the effects of the annealing temperature on the absorption coefficient were investigated. The absorption edge shifted to red range of wavelength, and the optical constants of Cr2O3 films increases as the annealing temperature increased to 300 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals that Cr2O3 thin films are a

Structural and optical properties of CdO and CdO0.99Cu0.01 thin
films were prepared in this work. Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and
CdO0.99Cu0.01semiconducting films are deposited on glass substrates
by using pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) using SHG with Qswitched
Nd:YAG pulsed laser operation at 1064nm in 6x10-2 mbar
vacuum condition and frequency 6 Hz. CdO and CdO0.99Cu0.01 thin
films annealed at 550 C̊ for 12 min. The crystalline structure was
studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and atomic force
microscope (AFM). It shows that the films are polycrystalline.
Optical properties of thin films were analyzed. The direct band gap
energy of CdO and CdO0.99Cu0.01 thin films were determined from
(αhυ)1/2 v

This study reports the formation, characterisation and biological evaluation of a Schiff base ligand and its corresponding metal complexes. The Schiff base ligand (HL) was prepared through a condensation reaction involving isonicotinohydrazide and N'-((1R,2R,4R,5S, E)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-azabi cyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (M) in EtOH solvent and (3-5) drops of conc. HCl. The interaction of HL with selected metal chlorides including Mn(+2), Co(+2), Ni(+2), Cu(+2) and Zn(+2) in a 2:1 (L:M) mole ratio resulted in the synthesis of complexes with the general formula [M(HL)Cl2] (where: M = Mn(+2),Co(+2) and Ni(+2)) and [M`(HL)Cl2] (where M` =  Cu(+2) and Zn(+2)). The characterisation of the prepared compounds w

Undoped and Co-doped zinc oxide (CZO) thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using solution of zinc acetate and cobalt chloride. The effect of Co dopants on structural and optical properties has been investigated. The films were found to exhibit maximum transmittance (~90%) and low absorbance. The structural properties of the deposited films were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD). These films, deposited on glass substrates at (400? C), have a polycrystalline texture with a wurtzite hexagonal structure, and the grain size was decreased with increasing Co concentration, and no change was observed in lattice constants while the optical band gap decreased from (3.18-3.02) eV for direct allowed transition. Other parameters