التعددية الثقافية هي مفهوم يتعلق بالمجتمعات التي تضم ثقافات عده، أو العالم الذي يتضمن ثقافات متنوعة؛ فالتعددية هي التنوع الثقافي والفكري؛ وبالتالي هي عنصر إثراء للإنسانية وأساس لوجودها؛ فالتعددية الثقافية تتضمن القبول بالثقافات والافكار الانسانية كلها، وإفساح المجال أمامها للمشاركة في بنا ء الثقافة والفكر العالمي؛ وهكذا فإنها تتمثل في التسامح مع الثقافات والافكار المختلفة الاعتراف بالهويات والخصوصيات والاختلافات بدلا من التهميش والاقصاء والهيمنة . يهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على نظرية التعددية الثقافية، والتعرف على أهميتها بالنسبة للمجتمعات الانسانية، وأسباب ظهورها ودورها في تحقيق الوحدة للمجتمعات بعيدا عن القسر والتهميش والاقصاء والهيمنة؛ لأن التعددية الثقافية تؤمن بالحق في الاختلاف والتنوع . انطلقت فرضية البحث من فكرة مفادها: إن الامثل يتمثل في السعي إلى صياغة نظرية معاصرة تنتهج منهجا وسطا للتوفيق بين كلا الاتجاهين من منطلق وحدة الدولة لا تقتضي أحادية ثقافة المجتمع، وأن التنوع الثقافي لا يفضي بالضرورة إلى تشظي الدولة وانقسامها؛ وهذا ما تؤكده نظرية التعددية الثقافية . أما منهجية الدراسة؛ فقد استندت إلى توظيف منهجين بهدف تحقيق مبدأ التكامل المنهجي؛ إذ اعتمدنا المنهج التاريخي الذي يقوم على معرفة الماضي لما له من دور في معرفة الحاضر واستشراف المستقبل، كما اعتمدنا منهج تحليل المضمون عن طريق تحليل أفكار "كيمليكا" السياسية بالاعتماد على أهم نصوصه التي تضمنتها أفكاره السياسية . وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن الدولة المتعددة الثقافات هي الشكل السياسي الجديد الذي يمكن من خلاله تحقيق التكيف مع التنوع والاعتراف بحقوق الجماعات الاقلية وشرعنه المطالبة بها؛ بل هي الشكل الطبيعي للدولة كما يعتقد "كيمليكا"؛ إذ يشير إلى أن ماهية الدولة الطبيعية تغيرت في الفترة المعاصرة؛ سواء في الخطاب الدولي أو في الواقع السياسي؛ فبعد أن كان ينظر إلى الدول ذات الاقليات القومية أو تلك التي تعترف بأشكال من الحكم الذاتي على أنها شواذ ومفارقات تاريخية، عكس الدولة القومية المتجانسة التي كانت تعد النموذج المثالي؛ أصبح ينظر إلى الدول المركزية المتجانسة التي تستمر في إنكار وجود الاقليات؛ مثل: (فرنسا، واليونان، وتركيا، واليابان)؛ إنها هي التي تنطوي على مفارقة تاريخية وتوصف بأنها رعية عاجزة عن التفاعل بإيجابية مع تعقيدات العالم، وبالمقابل ينظر إلى الدول المتعددة الثقافات ذات البناءات الداخلية المعقدة للاعتراف بالأقليات وتمكينها سياسيا واقتصاديا على انها تمثل الشكل الاكثر حداثة أو حتى منظور "ما بعد الحداثة" وإلى الحراك السياسي العرقي على أنه عملية شرعية ملازمة للمجتمع الديمقراطي
In this paper, we have investigated some of the most recent energy efficient routing protocols for wireless body area networks. This technology has seen advancements in recent times where wireless sensors are injected in the human body to sense and measure body parameters like temperature, heartbeat and glucose level. These tiny wireless sensors gather body data information and send it over a wireless network to the base station. The data measurements are examined by the doctor or physician and the suitable cure is suggested. The whole communication is done through routing protocols in a network environment. Routing protocol consumes energy while helping non-stop communic
... Show MoreA survey to show the reality of educational guidance in schools in Baghdad Rusafa 3\ from the point of view of educational guides. It used the analytical descriptive technique. The research community consists of () male and female advisors in schools of Baghdad. The sample was haphazard( 51\.) The questionnaire was made and it consists (50) items. The research statistics have been analyzed by (SPSS), The questionnaires have been used in the first term in (2017-2018) and the results showed the relationship between the advisor and other teachers, the advisor and students fathers and the local society. According to the results, the research made some recommendations and suggestions.
The control of water represents the safe key for fair and optimal use to protect water resources due to human activities, including untreated wastewater, which is considered a carrier of a large number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial species. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance to E. coli in Tigris River by the presence of resistance genes for aminoglycoside(qepA( ,quinolone (gyrA), and sulfa drugs( dfr1 ,dfr17) due to the frequent use of antibiotics and their release into wastewater of hospitals. Samples were collected from three sites on Tigris River: S1( station wastewater in Adhamiya), S2 (station wastewater in Baghdad Medical city hospital), S3 (station wastew
... Show MoreThe aim of this study is to find out the effect of reciprocal teaching on the fifth literary class pupils in acquiring the skill of geographic map reading. The researcher uses the partial experimental design/pre- post-test for two equivalent control and experimental groups.
The population of the study is represented by the fifth literary class pupils at a school of the Directorate of Education /Baghdad Karkh second. The sample is selected randomly as section (A) the experimental group and section (C) the control group. The sample total number is (60) pupils, (30) pupils for each group. The two groups are equalized in the following variables: IQ, age and the pupils’ previous geog
... Show MoreThe current research aims to know on influence strategy (thinking – pairing – sharing) in learning subject of Islamic civilization of Arab and keep it for students 4th class / literary in order to aim of research , the researcher takes measures of experimental method which included selection of experimental designing with partial adjustment in two groups (experimental and controlling) . Experimental group studies according to strategy (thinking – pairing – sharing) , while controlling group studies according to normal way , the researcher choose Zari secondary school for boys in Baghdad intently to run experiment within it. Sample of studying consist of from (64) students , by (32) student in experimental group and (32) students
... Show MoreResearch Summary The aim of the search for knowledge of the effect generative learning strategy in: 1 - Achievement of the second grade. 2 - Systemic thinking for the second grade students when studying the biology. The study sample increased (60) students distributed into two equal experimental and control groups. Prepare the test of 40 pieces of multiple choice type and prepare a test for systematic thinking according to three skills 1. Understand the relationships between the parts of the systemic form and complement the sentences given 2 - complement the relationships between parts of the systemic form 3. Building the systemic form. It was a search result 1- There is a difference of statistical significance (at level 0.05) between th
... Show MoreBritain found itself at the end of the nineteenth century in front of many obstacles within Europe, it is to hold the coalition Russian Franco in 1894, and what form of threat to the interests of Britain in its colonies outside Europe, as well as the development of other European countries in military and economic aspects such as Germany and the United States and others. As she was defying the fleet of Britain, Germany, and the last has a naval fleet was able to protect all the way Britain and its colonies throughout the nineteenth century
The transfer function model the basic concepts in the time series. This model is used in the case of multivariate time series. As for the design of this model, it depends on the available data in the time series and other information in the series so when the representation of the transfer function model depends on the representation of the data In this research, the transfer function has been estimated using the style nonparametric represented in two method local linear regression and cubic smoothing spline method The method of semi-parametric represented use semiparametric single index model, With four proposals, , That the goal of this research is comparing the capabilities of the above mentioned m
... Show MoreAbstract:
Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate effectiveness of educational program the nurses' knowledge towards early prediction of acquired weakness in the intensive care unit.
Methodology: A pre-experimental study design (comparison of two groups), which was achieved through the pre and post-test method for the study sample through the application of an educational program in the intensive care unit of Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital in Kut city, Wasit Governorate. The study was conducted for the period from 28th April 2022 to 15th August 2022 by selecting a purposive (non-probability) sample for this study. The study sample size was (52) nu
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