In this work, nanostructured TiO2 thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on glass substrates. TiO2 thin films then were annealed at 400-600 °C in air for a period of 2 hours. Effect of annealing on the structural and morphological were studied. Many growth parameters have been considered to specify the optimum conditions, namely substrate temperature (300 °C), oxygen pressure (10-2 Torr), laser fluence energy density (0.4 J/cm2), using double frequency Q-switching Nd:YAG laser beam (wavelength 532nm), repetition rate  (1-6 Hz) and the pulse duration of 10 ns. The results of the X-ray test show that all nanostructures tetragonal are polycrystalline. These results show that grain size increase fr

In this part of programme , different bacterial isolates mainly Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Escherichia coli were used for antagonism with Saccharomyces boulardii under different conditions . S.boulardii was grown under aerobic conditions and antagonized with young overnight nutrient broth cultures of test bacterial isolates and other kept in refrigerator for a week after full growth . Young cultures were more susceptible to antagonistic effect of yeast compared to old cultures and on isolates grown on solid medium for 24 hr. S.boulardii grown under aerobic and microaerobic conditions and antagonized with overnight broth cultures of test bacterial isolates , The results revealed that aerobic cultures of yeast had more inhibito

The major function of the kidney is the filtration and secretion of the final products of metabolism and the excess of electrolytes. The term kidney failure denotes inability of the kidneys to perform excretory function leading to retention of nitrogenous waste products from the blood. Biosensor are most accurate, with a rapid diagnosis ,more costly method than the traditional method to avoid any biological changes in blood sample that lead to changes optical characteristic (refractive index and absorption) of blood sample. The current study was designed to single mode  more Sensitivity than multi mode for Biomarkers  were recorded for Albumin 5447.06, 5193.93 and Urea sample 2623.14, 1998.44  in sm and mm respectively .

A laboratory experiment studied the effects of the green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) aqueous extract at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 ppm on the germination and growth traits of the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), carried out in 2021 at the Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that Camellia sinensis green tea extracts played a vital role by significantly boosting all the examined characteristics compared with the control treatment. The aqueous extract of Green tea at concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm gave the best performance in increasing germination rates, germination speed, plant promoter indicator, and seedling strength compared with the control trea

The present study was carried out at Baqubah Nursery, Directorate of Agriculture,  Diyala Province, Iraq, during the period of March to October 2017, to investigate the effects of magnetized water with bio and chemical fertilizers on the butternut squash. A factorial experiment with three replications was conducted and two factors were investigated; the state of water (magnetized water and non-magnetized water) and the fertilizer type (chemical fertilizer: urea 100 kg N/ hectare; bio-fertilizers: Azotobacterchroococcum and Azospirillumbrasilense + chemical fertilizer in 1:1 ratio).

     The results revealed that the magnetized water with bio + chemical fertilizers recorded the highest rate of fruit weight

Adhrt all fungal biological control ability Tdhadah less than 2 repel Alaftran Almamradan showed leaky mushroom Biological control is thermally laboratories and different concentrations of 5, 10 and 20% inhibition in the growth of fungus colonies amounted to 3.8 cm and 3.1 and 2.4 respectively in comparison with control 9 cm

Soil fertility is a crucial factor in measuring soil quality, it indicates the extent to which soil can support plant life. Soil fertility is measured by the amount of macro and micronutrients, pH, etc. Soil nutrients are depleted after each harvest and therefore must be added. To maintain soil nutrient levels, fertilizer is added to the soil. Adding fertilizer in the precise amount is a matter of great importance because excess or insufficient application can harm plant life and reduce productivity. The use of modern technology is a solution to this problem. Although automated techniques for sowing, weeding, crop harvesting, etc. have been proposed and implemented, none of the techniques are aimed to maintaining soil fertility. The study a

This study aimed to test the effect of using different concentrations of three different plants extracts to inhibit the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria by two technics. Eucalyptus camaldulensis bark, Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizomes and Morus nigra leaves ethanolic extract at (0,20,30,40 and 50 mg/ml) were used. The antimicrobial activity and the biofilm inhibition assay used with these extracts showed positive effect in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. E.amaldulensis extract showed the higher effect than G. glabra and M.nigra extracts in antimicrobial activity assay, while the effect of E. camaldulensis extract in biofilm inhibition assay was higher than G. glabra that was higher than M. nigra extracts for both gram nega