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Changes in attitudes to childbirth in modern times illustrated over three generations in Iraq
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Abstract<sec><title>Objective

To describe changes in attitudes and expectations of labor over the previous six decades, comparing the Iraqi generation who labored at home without medical assistance with their descendants.

Study Design

We used semi‐structured telephone interviews with 22 women across three generations of one extended family living and giving birth in Iraq between the 1950s and the 2010s. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using open, axial, and selective coding.

Results

Each generation experienced a paradigm shift in childbirth, from exclusive home births to hospital‐directed maternity care, to a trend that favors planned cesarean birth, driven by generation‐specific changes in outlook. Emerging themes included social influences, changing technology, and medical professionals' recommendations; all of these affected attitudes toward childbirth and pregnancy. There were generational disconnects in perceptions concerning the reasons childbirth has changed over the past 60 years, with the youngest generation citing wider pressures regarding body image and marital relationships as two of the factors affecting preferences in childbirth options.

Conclusions

Societal changes and availability of healthcare services affect women's choices and experiences of childbirth. To be successful, efforts to improve women's experiences in labor, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes, must consider these wider sociocultural issues.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Self-control and its relation to the work pressure of educational counselors
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1- The degree of self-control of the educational counselors.

2- The level of work pressures that educational counselors are exposed to from their point of view.

3- The significance of the differences in the degree of self-control and work pressures according to the gender variable (male / female).

4- The relationship between self-control and work stress for the sample as a whole.

The current research was limited to educational counselors of both sexes in Anbar Governorate, Ramadi District, affiliated to the Anbar Education Directorate. The researcher adopted the steps of the relational descriptive approach to achieve the research objectives. The current research community consists of (100) m

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 28 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions of Response to Intervention Implementation: a Qualitative Interview Study
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The purpose of this interview study was to explore teachers’ perceptions of Response to Intervention (RtI) implementation in their school. Particularly, the study explored teachers’ knowledge of RtI, teachers’ perceptions of RtI their intervention/instruction in school, and teachers’ suggestions of RtI implementation in their school. The study design was a qualitative interview in nature and data were collected from face-to-face interviews with four teachers in one school. The findings revealed that RtI means to identify students’ problems; the positive teachers’ perceptions of their implementation included: (a) students who demonstrate progress through RtI are those who receive private education services, (b) progress monito

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 08 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Stem cells a novel approach to periodontal regeneration (A review of literature)
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In this review of literature, the light will be concentrated on the role of stem cells as an approach in periodontal regeneration.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Application of simulated annealing to solve multi-objectives for aggregate production planning
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Aggregate production planning (APP) is one of the most significant and complicated problems in production planning and aim to set overall production levels for each product category to meet fluctuating or uncertain demand in future. and to set decision concerning hiring, firing, overtime, subcontract, carrying inventory level. In this paper, we present a simulated annealing (SA) for multi-objective linear programming to solve APP. SA is considered to be a good tool for imprecise optimization problems. The proposed model minimizes total production and workforce costs. In this study, the proposed SA is compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results show that the proposed SA is effective in reducing total production costs and req

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Environmental Stress and their relationship to self-rebellion for Preparatory Stage Students
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The Present research aimed at identifying:   

1- The level of environmental stress among preparatory students

2- The level of self-rebellion  among preparatory students

3- The correlation between the two variables of research (environmental stress and self-rebellion) and the extent to which the independent variable contributes to the variable of the middle school students

The current research has determined the students of the fifth stage of the preparatory stage and all the branches in the departments of education in Baghdad province the morning study for the academic

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The aesthetic of the Quranic voice and its relation to the meaning
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The Qur'an is an inexhaustible source for researchers, and all of them find a rich material for its research, and no wonder in it is the book of the greatest Arabic. Quranic research has been an attempt to extract the secret in the miracle of the Koran, and not the Quranic miracle is limited to the word and its meaning, but that the miracle extends to include every sound in motion or silent; the sound performance of the Quranic text increases the meaning of beauty and earns the word heartbeat, Souls; and this may be due to the beauty of voice in the performance and harmony between sounds and words, and harmony between the exits and descriptions, or the tides of the tides,
Based on the above and to show the miraculous aspects of the Qu

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 09 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Development a Proposed System of Organization Structure to Management Multi Construction Projects
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The purpose of this study is aimed to lay down an arranged platform suited to Iraqi constructional associations which in charge to carry out multi constructional projects, as it fulfilled management requirements and supervising, so that low - cost projects will be controlled in due term and quality. Based on primary info and observed data collected, the study thesis has been formulated in this way: Iraqi constructional sector bodies which are in charge to implement simultaneously multi constructional projects in need to reformulate its organized structure so that it will be more fitted to management and control of these projects. This thesis includes a
theoretical part contained presenting the most important resources locally and int

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Family Atmosphere and Relationship to Academic Adjustment for Student at Baghdad University
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The research aimed: 1. Definition of family climate for the university students. 2. Definition of statistical significance of differences in family climate variable depending on the sex (males - females) and specialization (Scientific - humanity). 3. Definition of academic adjustment for university students. 4. Definition of correlation between climate and academic adjustment. The research sample formed of (300) male and female students by (150) male of scientific and humanitarian specialization and (150) female of scientific and humanitarian specialization randomly selected from the research community. To achieve the objectives of the research the researcher prepared a tool to measure family climate. And adopted the measure (Azzam 2010)

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Forgiveness and its relation to the social intelligence among elementary school students
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The study aims to identify the relationship between forgiveness and social intelligence among elementary school students. The study employed a descriptive analytical approach, whereby a total of (500) elementary school student were selected randomly regarding the variable of gender and economical status. Two scales were prepared: one to measure the forgiveness depending on Albort’s theory that consist of (20) item, and the other to measure the social intelligence according to Tony’s theory which composed of (20) item as well. The result revealed that 6th grade students have interested level of the forgiveness and social intelligence, the girl showed significant differences according to the forgiveness variable, the sample

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 12 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
THE USE OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY TO ACHIEVE PRODUCT SUSTAINABILITY
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This research aims to demonstrate the knowledge pillars of the product life cycle assessment technique and how to measure the cost according to this technique, and to clarify its role in reducing costs, improving product quality and optimizing the use of available resources, and a set of results has been reached, the most important of which are: The separation of environmental costs through the use of product life cycle assessment technique helps the Management in handling the increase of these costs, reducing the rates of environmental pollution and preserving resources, which contributes to achieving the sustainability of the product, and based on the results obtained, a set of recommendations were presented, the most important of which w

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