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Changes in attitudes to childbirth in modern times illustrated over three generations in Iraq
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Abstract<sec><title>Objective

To describe changes in attitudes and expectations of labor over the previous six decades, comparing the Iraqi generation who labored at home without medical assistance with their descendants.

Study Design

We used semi‐structured telephone interviews with 22 women across three generations of one extended family living and giving birth in Iraq between the 1950s and the 2010s. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using open, axial, and selective coding.

Results

Each generation experienced a paradigm shift in childbirth, from exclusive home births to hospital‐directed maternity care, to a trend that favors planned cesarean birth, driven by generation‐specific changes in outlook. Emerging themes included social influences, changing technology, and medical professionals' recommendations; all of these affected attitudes toward childbirth and pregnancy. There were generational disconnects in perceptions concerning the reasons childbirth has changed over the past 60 years, with the youngest generation citing wider pressures regarding body image and marital relationships as two of the factors affecting preferences in childbirth options.

Conclusions

Societal changes and availability of healthcare services affect women's choices and experiences of childbirth. To be successful, efforts to improve women's experiences in labor, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes, must consider these wider sociocultural issues.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2018
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Narrative narration in the poetry of Mohammed Abdul Muttalib   (Top poem as a model)
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Poets of the age since ancient times to recount the events of their adventures in a fun story style in which the elements of the story of personalities, time and place, and we do not mean this modern art technique (poetic story) as it is now, but was aimed at the pleasures of the other receiving because it is the rule of the quality of literary output, Other times the narrative of events inspired by his broad imagination and this mixing indicates the story's involvement with Arabic poetry to be (poetic story) and this depends entirely on addressing the poet to the recipient, and requires in this narrative to be familiar with the elements of influence and suspense in the other or turned into a monotonous and dull narrative Influential, un

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process for Embedded Risk Reduction in Selecting the Right Planning Decision
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The aim of this work is to provide an efficient selection technique as a part of planning process to guide the decision makers to decide the preferences of one supplier over another for purchasing lab instruments in education domain. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process has used as a multi-criteria decision process, as an industrial engineering tool with certain emphasis on the qualitative aspects required to the decision makers. While the concept of degree of possibility for each criterion is used to reach its relative weights, a specific methodology created to reach the final objective decision of supplier selection. A questionnaire form was developed and distributed to five universities located in Baghdad province with a total

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Publication Date
Tue May 28 2024
Journal Name
Investment Management And Financial Innovations
Bridging theory and practice: International valuation standards and asset valuation in the telecommunications sector
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In the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry, accurate valuation of tangible assets remains a critical challenge that requires adherence to universally recognized standards. This study addresses the pressing need for transparent and precise asset valuation methodologies that are pivotal for informed investment decisions and financial reporting. It aims to bridge the theoretical and practical divide in asset valuation by applying International Valuation Standards (IVS) 300 and 400 to Asiacell Communications PJSC, a leading entity in the sector. Focusing on five key tangible assets from 2018 to 2022 – lands, buildings, plant and equipment, means of transport and transfer, and furniture and office equipment – the study emplo

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Deterioration Model for Sewer Network Asset Management in Baghdad City (case study Zeppelin line)
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Asset management involves efficient planning of economic and technical performance characteristics of infrastructure systems. Managing a sewer network requires various types of activities so the network can be able to achieve a certain level of performance. During the lifetime of the network various components will start to deteriorate leading to bad performance and can damage the infrastructure. The main objective of this research is to develop deterioration models to provide an assessment tool for determining the serviceability of the sewer networks in Baghdad city the Zeppelin line was selected as a case study, as well as to give top management authorities the appropriate decision making. Different modeling techniques

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT GEOREFERENCING TECHNIQUES IN ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
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This paper compares between the direct and indirect georeferencing techniques in Photogrammetry bases on a simulation model. A flight plan is designed which consists of three strips with nine overlapped images for each strip by a (Canon 500D) digital camera with a resolution of 15 Mega Pixels.

 

The triangulation computations are carried out by using (ERDAS LPS) software, and the direct measurements are taken directly on the simulated model to substitute using GPS/INS in real case. Two computational tests have been implemented to evaluate the positional accuracy for the whole model and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) relating to (30) check points show that th

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Estimation of Extract Yield and Mass Transfer Coefficient in Solvent Extraction of Lubricating Oil
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An investigation was conducted to suggest relations for estimating yield and properties of the improved light lubricating oil fraction produced from furfural extraction process by using specified regression.

Mass transfer in mixer-settler has been studied. Mass transfer coefficient of continuous phase, mass transfer coefficient of dispersed phase and the overall mass transfer coefficient extraction of light lubes oil distillate fraction by furfural are calculated in addition to all physical properties of individual components and the extraction mixtures.

The effect of extraction variables were studied such as extraction temperature which ranges from 70 to 110°C and solvent to oil ratio which ranges from 1:1 to 4:1 (wt/wt

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 05 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
EFFECT OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN HLA DRB1 ON DEVELOPMENT OF BAGHDAD SORE IN PATIENTS
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Leishmania tropica is a species of flagellate parasites that infects humans and the cause of the disease cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is one of the major parasites, which have high prevalence than other parasites in Iraq. The aim was to investigate the role of HLA alleles in susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in Baghdad in a sample of Iraqi patients. Cross sectional study (thirty Iraqi Arab Muslims patients with Leishmania tropica infection and thirty Iraqi Arab Muslims healthy persons) were participated in this study. Patients were consulted Department of Dermatology in Medical city Teaching hospital and AL Yarmook Teaching hospital for the period between March 2014 till May 2

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 09 2025
Journal Name
Intelligent Decision Technologies
Safety assessment model for DoS attacks detection in wireless communication and network OS environments
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Wireless networks and communications have witnessed tremendous development and growth in recent periods and up until now, as there is a group of diverse networks such as the well-known wireless communication networks and others that are not linked to an infrastructure such as telephone networks, sensors and wireless networks, especially in important applications that work to send and receive important data and information in relatively unsafe environments, cybersecurity technologies pose an important challenge in protecting unsafe networks in terms of their impact on reducing crime. Detecting hacking in electronic networks and penetration testing. Therefore, these environments must be monitored and protected from hacking and malicio

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 14 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Employing traditional symbols and popular beliefs in the designs of fabrics, clothing women's home
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The woman's choice of clothing is no longer supported on the basis of the available forms of design in general. It is the interaction of design relationships with the receiver structure that reflects the character of integrated women with an emphasis on attractions pulling attention, all of these interventions reach us to the need to emphasize through this search Picking the perfect symbols of heritage in every sense of the popular beliefs of the employed in the designs of apparel fabrics women's home included a search of four chapters deal with the first problem of the research which you can employ the traditional symbols and popular beliefs in the designs of household apparel fabrics in order to raise the aesthetic value and utility of

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Oct 06 2016
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham J. For Pure & Appl. Sci.
Anatomical and Histological Study of Thyroid Gland in Weasel (Herpestes javanicus) (E.Geoffroy saint.Hilaire,1818)
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Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of thyroid gland in Herpestes javanicus . The results revealed that thyroid gland in adult Herpestes javanicus is located in the neck region just below the larynx and attached to the trachea . Histological study revealed that thyroid gland in H. javanicus surrounded by a capsule of losse connective tissue and the thyroid gland mainly formed from follicles within different sizes. The results showed that the follicle consists of three compenets represented by follicular lining cells, basal parafollicular cells and the colloid. Microscopical examination revealed that the follicular lining tissue is either to be simple squamous or simple cub

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