In most recent studies, long-term retention after orthodontic treatment has been hypothesized that may be necessary to maintain the stability of the dentition and avoid post-treatment changes. The bonded fixed retainer is characterized by its clinical effectiveness, patient acceptance, and lack of patient complaints as compared with a removable retainer. An electronic database (such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ResearchGate) has been collected using specific keywords. Of the 152 articles, only randomized clinical trials that investigated different types of fixed retainers or compared fixed with removable retainers were illustrated in tables and included in this review. The

The main objectives of present study are to evaluate the trace elements pollution in the sediment of the Tigris River and drainage canals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Assessment of trace elements pollutants were conducted for 18 sediment samples collected in March 2017. Trace elements were analyzed in sediment Tigris River samples in Wasit Governorate. This metal pollution was evaluated using geo-accumulation (I-geo) index, Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). According to  these statistical indices, the sediments collected from Tigris River in the study area are highly polluted with Titanium (71.9 ppm), Nickel (226.6 ppm) Chromium (425.2 ppm), Cadmium (2ppm) and Molybdenum (15.8 ppm) while  the sediments&nb

The research aims to test the correlation relationships between wise leadership, and the business model, and to demonstrate its influence (wise leadership) on the business model. Therefore, two main hypotheses were put forward. The research was applied to a sample consisting of (87) managers and deputy managers, some of them are members on the board of directors of the researched company. The questionnaire was adopted as a basic tool for collecting data, in addition to personal interviews. A number of statistical methods were used to analyze the data and obtain results. The researcher showed a set of results, including: There is a significant correlation between wise leadership and business model. There is an influence of wise leadership on

The research aimed to investigate the level of Organizational Cynicism and Job Engagement of Government Schools teachers in Al Zubair district. To achieve this research was conducted on a random sample of (66) items. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze and examine the hypotheses. The researcher used many statistical methods to achieve the research objectives, such as simple, multi regression and the research results showed there is a significant impact to teacher's in the schools of the research sample between Organizational cynicism and Job  Engagement             

Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the infertility cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions are the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent factor of the chromosomal abnormality in the infertile male. Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions located on the Y chromosome are one of the recurrent genetic cause of male infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal anoma

This research aims to focus on the reality of the imbalance of the balance of trade structure in order to improve it and determine the size of the imbalance as a result of dependence on one commodity, namely crude oil in the structure of exports versus the diversity of the structure of imports of various goods and goods.

    In order to achieve that goal, a deductive approach was adopted, which included a shift from general theory data to special applications.

   We have reached through the research to a number of conclusions, most notably the effectiveness of public spending in correcting the imbalance of the balance of trade structure during the study pe

          The organizational culture is considered as an important topic. In this research, this topic was studied in modern paints Industries Company to assess its role in job performance and to show if there is this relationship between them or no. it is, also, attempted to measure this strength of this relationship if any. The 40 cases research sample was chosen. This sample included the chief executive, his assistants, key managers, and their assistants. The questioner consists of two sets of questions : the first set ( concerning the organizational culture) covers six variables (Physical structures , Symbols

One of the most significant elements influencing weather, climate, and the environment is vegetation cover. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) over the years 2019–2022 were estimated based on four Landsat 8 TIRS’s images covering Duhok City. Using the radiative transfer model, the city's land surface temperature (LST) during the next four years was calculated. The aim of this study is to compute the temperature at the land's surface (LST) from the years 2019-2022 and understand the link, between LST, NDVI, and NDBI and the capability for mapping by LANDSAT-8 TIRS's. The findings revealed that the NDBI and the NDVI had the strongest correlation with the