Visible Light Communication (VLC) has emerged as a powerful technique for wireless communication systems. Providing high data rate and increasing capacity are the major problems in VLC. Recent evidence suggests that Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique can offers improved data rates and increased link range. This paper describes the design and implementation of visible light communication system in indoor environment exploring the benefits of MIMO. The specific objective of this research was to implement a 4× 4 Multiple Input (LEDs) Multiple Output (photodetectors)-VLC communication system, where a 16 white power LEDs in four arrays are setting up at transmitter and four RX modules are setting up at receiver side without the need for additional power or bandwidth as well as analyze a mathematical model for a VLC-× 4 MIMO with different modes such as the suitable angles to cover the entire room. The research designs practically an electronic circuit for the transmitter and receiver with inexpensive components. The power distribution of different propagation modes is calculated for Single Input Single Output (SISO) and MIMO channels in typical room dimensions. The results in this paper indicate that the power is distributed uniformly for entire room when implemented VLC-MIMO as compared to VLC-SISO. Furthermore, a 4× 4 MIMO implementing VLC is compared in term of BER vs. SINR with SISO communication system for both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS) propagation modes. Comparing the two results of LOS and NLOS, it can be seen that a 4× 4 MIMO implementing VLC for LOS perform better …
Zinc-indium-selenide ZnIn2Se4 (ZIS) ternary chalcopyrite thin film on glass with a 500 nm thickness was fabricated by using the thermal evaporation system with a pressure of approximately 2.5×10−5 mbar and a deposition rate of 12 Å/s. The effect of aluminum (Al) doping with 0.02 and 0.04 ratios on the structural and optical properties of film was examined. The utilization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to showcase the influence of aluminum doping on structural properties. XRD shows that thin ZIS-pure, Al-doped films at RT are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure and preferred (112) orientation. Where the
After the use of trust in God, and after the completion of my research called (the legislative miracle in the light of Surat), which studies the miracle in general and then unique legislative miracle, which was the largest share of the research where I built my research on several topics dealt with in the first topic: definition of miracles language and terminology and address Also discussed the Quran and the challenge and miracles and the status of the Arabs in the eloquence and eloquence, and then the literature in the miracle and dealt with legislation based on the foundations of individual education, family building, community building, and the most important advantages of Islamic legislation and presented some examples of legislativ
... Show MoreThe measurement of vitamin B1 in pure and pharmaceutical formulations was proposed by using a straightforward and sensitive spectrophotometric approach. Sulfacetamide (SFA) is diazotized, then coupled with vitamin B1 in alkaline media to produce a colored azo dye complex with a stability constant of 5.597 × 105 L/mol. The product is stable, with a maximum absorption wavelength of 489.5 nm, molar absorptivity of 10108 L/mol∙cm, Sandell's sensitivity of 0.0334 μg/cm2, detection limit of 0.0135 μg/mL, and Beer's law being observed over the concentration range of 0.2–20.0 μg/mL. The stability constant and stoichiometry of the produced azo dye were calculated using the continuous variation (Job's) and mole ratio methods. The suggested ap
... Show MoreBarium–doped TiO2 / n-Si photodetector was fabricated by spray pyrolysis exhibited visible enhancement responsivity profile with peak response at 600 nm flat response between 650 and 900 nm. The quantum efficiency was 30% and specific detectivity was 5x1012 W-1Hz1/2cm at peak response. The GaAlAs laser diode was used to estimate the rise time of the detector.
In this paper, visible image watermarking algorithm based on biorthogonal wavelet
transform is proposed. The watermark (logo) of type binary image can be embedded in the
host gray image by using coefficients bands of the transformed host image by biorthogonal
transform domain. The logo image can be embedded in the top-left corner or spread over the
whole host image. A scaling value (α) in the frequency domain is introduced to control the
perception of the watermarked image. Experimental results show that this watermark
algorithm gives visible logo with and no losses in the recovery process of the original image,
the calculated PSNR values support that. Good robustness against attempt to remove the
watermark was s
تضاعف انتشار مرض السكري من النوع 2 في السنوات الأخيرة نتيجة الخلل في إنتاج الأنسولين ، والذي يمكن أن يتطور ليشكل مضاعفات مرض السكري التي تؤثر على الكلى والأعصاب والعينين. ونتيجة لذلك ، فإن التشخيص المبكر والتصنيف لمرض السكري من النوع الثاني ضروريان لمساعدة الطبيب على التقييم. وفقًا لذلك ، هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تحديد مستويات بروتين ارتباط الريتينول 4 (RBP4) في المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري النوع الثاني وم
... Show MoreIt was recorded that Terpinen-4-ol has an anti-parasitic properties, so it will be noteworthy to intensify the studies about this compound.
This study aims to test the effectiveness of terpinen-4-ol on amastigote forms of Leishmania parasite in macrophages.
This effect was studied by adding increasing concentrations of Terpinen-4-ol to culture wells containing mouse macrophages that were previously incubated with the promastigote forms of the parasites for 24 hours .Then, they were incubated for another 24 hours with increasing concentrations of Terpinen-4-ol. After, Parasites were enumerated into macrophages in wells either treated with Terpinen-4-ol or in control wells.
Treatment with Ter
... Show MoreRecently, complementary perfect corona domination in graphs was introduced. A dominating set S of a graph G is said to be a complementary perfect corona dominating set (CPCD – set) if each vertex in is either a pendent vertex or a support vertex and has a perfect matching. The minimum cardinality of a complementary perfect corona dominating set is called the complementary perfect corona domination number and is denoted by . In this paper, our parameter hasbeen discussed for power graphs of path and cycle.